Losing an Enemy

Losing an Enemy: Obama, Iran, and the Triumph of Diplomacy
472 pages
© 2017 Trita Parsi

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Losing an Enemy is now a profoundly depressing book,  being an extensive history of an agreement that could have started erasing fifty years of bad blood between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States.  I say “could have”, because as of January 2020, that agreement is about as healthy as Qasem Soleimani.  How great a setback  his assassination proves to peace remains to be seen.   Losing an Enemy is a thorough review of how the Joint Plan of Action (“the Iran deal”)  triumphed over a half-century of enmity,  and over the particular stresses of the 21st century.  Those who persist in reading it — the sheer amount of dickering that the deal involved could test the most patient reader — will end with a better understanding of how much was at stake, how much was accomplished, and now —  how much has been lost thanks to the present administration’s  unique contempt for what it represents.

Parsi begins with a review of Iranian-American relations, which — while poisoned by the Iranian revolution and its aftermath —  declined precipitously in the 1990s when a rivalry began between Israel and Iran for regional domination following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the destruction of the Iraqi army during the Gulf War.  Israel and Iran hadn’t been on friendly terms since the shah’s ouster,  but they had a common enemy in their hostile Arab neighbors, In the 1990s, however, Israel began developing better relations with its more immediate neighbors, and focusing its ire toward Iran – whose size, population, stability, and official contempt for Israel made it the tiny democracy’s most potent rival. Iran, similarly viewing Israel as its rival, sought to undermine the Israel-Arab peace efforts as best it could by funding groups like Hezbollah.  American involvement in those peace efforts, coupled with pressure from Israel and Saudi Arabia,   cooled any diplomatic interest in Iran. It became, in DC’s eyes, ever-more a pariah – so much so that George W. Bush included it in an axis of evil along with Iraq and North Korea.   Whatever material support or intelligence it lent toward the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq,  Iran was a nation written off by the DC establishment.

That changed with the election of Barack Obama, who was determined to move the United States away from its ruinously expensive and distracting policies in the middle east – to better focus on responding on Asia’s boom  —  as well as to focus on engagement with the global community, moving away from the siege mentality DC had adopted during the Iraq war.  Obama’s dream of escaping  the graveyard of empires was effectively frustrated by the Arab spring, which demanded a response…but with Iran, at least, he was able to make some headway.  Obama’s efforts at re-engaging with Iran were slow to bear fruit, due in part to the civil war in Syria and its relation tensions,  but even after a failed fuel swap deal in 2010, a channel opened courtesy of the Sultan of Oman.    Safe from Saudi and Israel dissent, the framework of a deal began to emerge – the details to be painstakingly hammered out once the rest of the P5+1 were caught up.

The Joint Plan of Action happened because both those in DC and Tehran were looking for an escape from the on-ramp to war.  It was possible because of a handful of gifted, determined men –  two leaders who believed in diplomacy and the possibility of escaping the past. stellar support from both countries, (Javad Zarif, John Kerry, and William Burns), and Sultan Qaboos of Oman, who made himself a bridge for meeting in the middle.   Will circumstances ever realign to make such a thing possible again?

Despite the fact that the JPAC seems a dead agreement now, Losing an Enemy is worth reading — worth reading to understand the reality that Iranians and Americans have common interests, that there are people on both sides who want to make pursuing those interests together happens. It’s worth reading to know why we keep getting derailed – both the malign influence of the House of Saud and Israel,  and a healthy mix of obstinance and arrogance on the parts of both Tehran and DC.   But most of all it’s worth reading to better understand how deep Iran’s pride really is – how they were willing to pursue nuclear power not because it made financial sense, but because it asserted their independence – how they were willing to submit to a ruinous war, whether on Bush or Obama’s watch, to defend their pride.  Even as the DC sinks to the level of porcine ISIS, threatening the destruction of Iranian culture sites,  Javad Zarif pointed to the example of history, where Iran had been conquered by the likes of Alexander,  the Arabs, and still more – only to rise again and again.  There isn’t a word in Farsi, it seems, for “submit”.  The United States would do well to recognize that in Iran it faces not some pretend country like Afghanistan or Iraq, with arbitrary borders drawn by long-dead Brits and Frenchmen,  but a centuries-old nation with a long, rich history and which will not bow.

Related:
My “Losing an Enemy” notes on GoogleDocs

 

 

 

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How Jesus Became God

How Jesus Became God: The Exhalation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee
© 2014 Bart Ehrman
416 pages

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When did the early followers of Jesus of Nazareth begin to regard him as not just a prophet worth following, but actually divine?   Bart Ehrman builds off his previous work investigating the historical Jesus to follow how his subject became regarded as God – and what that meant — in the decades and centuries that followed his time on Earth.   In pursuit of the question, Ehrman explores ancient beliefs about deity, and  the many arguments that early Christians had as they were working out what was true and what it meant.  

The real question to consider, posits Ehrman, is not when Jesus became God, but what Christians meant by calling him god.  While the western world of today regards deity as something absolute and other – either a thing is divine or it isn’t —    the Greco-Roman world of our own past understood divinity as a spectrum, with a chief god or source of being on one end, followed by smaller gods like the Olympians, and still minor deities and spirits until at the very end the deistic surveyor arrived at we mere mortals, with only a spark of divinity inside us. There were often cases where the divine and humans mixed more than usual, though; Zeus and others often took on mortal form, and often bore children who were half-divine.  Because gods were enmeshed in physical reality – Poseiden and the ocean,   Osiris and the Nile –there was no concept of a real divide between the worlds of the gods and of men.  

Most educated westerners will have some appreciation of the above, but lesser known is the presence of a divine spectrum in Judaism – which, despite its role in giving the west a singular, absolute being,   also had semi-divine creatures – angels, for instance,  of varying grades and who in early stories consorted with humans and gave birth to giants.  The king of Israel had an exalted role and divine titles, and was regarded as a chosen son of God. Still later traits of God  were regarded as having a distinct existence – most notably, Wisdom, which is outright worshiped in books like  The Wisdom of Jesus, son of Sirach, and The Book of Wisdom,  Jewish tradition also held that certain people, like Enoch and Elijah, and escaped death and been taken into heaven bodily.

After examining the Gospels and other period texts,   Ehrman believes that Jesus was best understood in his own time as an apocalyptic prophet, one who preached that the end of the world was at hand, that the long drama of good versus evil was about to be concluded in a decisive victory for good, led by the Messiah.   Although Jesus never publicly announced himself to be the Messiah, his disciples certainly believed this to be the case – and when they came to believe he was risen,   he began being viewed as not merely the chosen one, but divine —  favored by God and raised to heaven as his own son.  It was the belief in his resurrection that truly set Jesus apart from other prophets of the day.  

What this divinity meant fluctuated much in the first few decades, as early Christians were influenced by both Jewish and Roman culture, and Jesus’ growing meaning took strength from both.  Against the claims of the Roman god-emperor came another Son of God, one who many regarded as the living incarnation of God’s logos.   The belief that Jesus had been chosen and adopted by God as his own at some point grew into a belief that Jesus had been the anointed one from his conception on – and still later, that Jesus had existed, with God, prior to creation and that his birth had been an incarnation of a spirit which already existed. Ultimately, several church councils were needed to establish a  creed that permitted consensus, and by the first Council of Nicaea, it was firmly believed that Jesus was God – although creeds often created ground for new argument once the old one had been settled.

Both believers and nonbelievers will find much of interest here, though any book that has a chapter on the Trinity has to get into the  weeds a bit. Although Ehrman’s outlook is secular, he isn’t hostile towards Christians,  and emphasizes time and again that he’s only writing about known facts, not matters left to belief or interpretation.   His careful review of Biblical and other texts allows for a fuller appreciation of the world in which the early church formed, particularly the many debates about what it meant for Jesus to be both God and man.  

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Science education meets anime

A friend of mine told me “You like biology, right? You have to watch Cells at Work on YouTube.  Now, this friend introduced me to StarCraft, so I respect his opinion.  I searched it up yesterday fully expecting a well-done and perhaps innovative documentary about the life of cells. What I found was….

Well, it almost has to speak for itself. Imagine an anime where the characters are human blood cells, their environment is the human body, and their enemies are bacteria!

 

These are the opening titles in Japanese, although halfway through the season there are also English ones. (That, or I’ve somehow learned Japanese through osmosis. I highly doubt this, however.)    The series on Netflix has English vocals, though the Japanese origin of the show still comes through in characters’ mannerism (bowing in apology, for instance) and the architecture.  I’ve never watched anime before, aside from a few episodes of Pokemon back in the day (before the Forever War, even), so for me this sudden exploration has double interest. I’m nine episodes in!

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Science, before and after

For the first time since I started doing a purposeful science survey, challenging myself to read from twelve different scientific disciplines, I didn’t quite make it last year.   I did, however, draw up a list of next year’s science prospects, some of which I already own.

What’s coming in 2020:
The Pluto Files (Local Astronomy), Why Does E = mc2 and Why Does it Matter (Astrophysics and Cosmology), Caesar’s Last Breath (Chemistry and Physics), DNA is Not Destiny (Biology), Aerial Geology (Geology), The Weather Machine (Weather and Climate), Spying on Whales (Flora and Fauna), Your Mind On Music or How Emotions are Made (Neurology and Psychology), Accessory to War: The Unspoken Alliance between Astrophysics and the Military (Science and Society), Suspicious Minds (Thinking Scientifically) and Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worse (Anthropology). There’s also a wildcard category that I’ve not filled, which will serve natural history, history of science, or science and health.

What the list actually looks like in December 2020…well, we’ll have to see!

2019’s Science Survey

Previous years’ science surveys may be viewed here (2017) and here (2018).

Cosmology and Astrophysics
Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, Carlo Rovelli
Local Astronomy
The Wonders of the Solar System, Brian Cox
Geology
The Big Ones, Lucy Jones
Chemistry and Physics
What Einstein Told His Cook:  Kitchen Science Explained, Robert Wolke
Biology
She Has Her Mother’s Laugh, Carl Zimmer
Flora and Fauna
The Hidden Life of Trees, Peter Wohlleben

Anthropology
—TheMoralAnimal– –  Owned but not managed in time. 

Neurology and Psychology
Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain,  John Ratey
Weather and Climate
The Ice at the End of the World, Jon Gertner
Science and Society
Heavens on Earth, Michael Shermer
Thinking Scientifically
The Skeptic’s Guide to the Universe, Dr. Steven Novella et. al
Wildcard (History of Science,  Natural History, or Science and Health)
Survival of the  Sickest, Sharon Moalem
The Cancer Chronicles,  George Johnson

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Appetizers from “The Best Cook in the World”

The following are quotations from The Best Cook in the World, which drew me in immediately with its humor and evocations of family dinners year past.  The book is a tribute to the author’s  mother,  consisting of some of her most memorable recipes, and the stories attached to them.    “Good stuff always has a story”, she said.

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She never cooked from a written recipe of any kind, and never wrote down one of her own. She cooked with ghosts at her sure right hand, and you can believe that or not. The people who taught her the secrets of Southern, blue-collar cooking are all gone now, and they did not cook from a book, either; most of them did not even know how to read and write.

“Gettin’ old ain’t easy,” she told me, as she passed seventy-nine, “but it’s best not to try and fight it too much. You know how I live with bein’ old? I just don’t look in the mirror, ’cept when I part my hair.”

The past is where we go when we are helpless; the past, no matter what the psychiatrists say, can’t really hurt you much more than it already has, not like the future, which comes at you like a train around a blind curve.

You learn, if you live long enough down here, not to push too much against what these old, hardheaded people believe. If an old woman tells you there is magic in an iron pot, you ought not smile at that.

In a South that no longer seems to remember its heart, our food may be the best part left.

She knows her food is not the healthiest, yet her people live long, long lives, those not killed by gunfire, moonshine, or machines.

She believes a person learns to cook by stinging her hands red with okra, singeing her knuckles on a hot lid, and nicking her fingers on an ancient knife as she cuts up a chicken, because a whole chicken tastes better than one dissected in a plant and trucked in from Bogalusa. You learn by tasting and feeling and smelling and listening and remembering, and burning things now and then, and singing the right songs.

Electricity was, she concedes, also a fine idea. But she would like to meet the man who invented the telephone, she says, and smack him a good one.

She knew that affordable, simple Southern food had turned the corner to banality when she saw that a chain restaurant had introduced a barbecue sauce purportedly flavored with moonshine. Moonshine, as any Southerner not born at a cotillion knows, tastes like kerosene. Men did not drink moonshine for its bouquet, but because they wanted to dance in the dirt, howl at the moon, and marry their relations.

She does not cook chitlin’s, because she knows what God made them to do.

People like to talk about the emptiness of the great deserts or the endless plains or the frozen places, but a desolate dirt road in the mountain South, in a forest of black pines, can be one of the most lonesome places on earth. There is an almost unnerving dark in the tunnels of trees, where even people who have lived a lifetime here find themselves imagining the silliest things.

FIRST OFF, we might as well agree that three o’clock in the morning is a bad time to take a hog for a drive.

It was summer, and she had already snapped a mess of beans. (I will not live long enough to get into exactly what a mess is. When I asked my mother, first she said, a little irritated, “I don’t know, just enough.”)
THEY SAY a poor man makes the paper only twice in the Deep South, unless he breaks the law or plays football. The newspapers record the happenstance of his birth, and the inevitability of his death. If he was not an important man, or at least born to important people, it is unlikely that, either time, a great deal of ink was spilled. A lot of great men have lived and died down here inside a paragraph or two.
“Gravy,” Charlie Bundrum liked to say, “is a reason to live.”

I had not known, as I began this book, how often larceny would figure into the narrative of our recipes. It is a little sad, I suppose. I could wish that were not so, but I could also wish for a Duesenberg and would still be tooling around town in a Toyota.
Southerners love to put on airs as to their barbecue, and speak in utter disdain of anyone’s method that differs even slightly from their own. I have always found it amazing that such snobbery could exist inside a big ol’ boy in a Dale Earnhardt hat, a T-shirt from Panama City Beach, and an apron that trumpets NO ONE CAN BEAT OUR BUTTS. They will tell you that beef is not real barbecue, and will threaten to beat you like you stole somethin’ if you even mention a chicken.

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The Best Cook in the World

The Best Cook in the World: Tales from my Momma’s Table
© 2018 Rick Bragg
512 pages

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“Good stuff always has a story,” she said.

 One of my New Years resolutions is to cook more, and that has unexpectedly introduced me to Rick Bragg,  a storyteller much favored by the reading public down here.   Bragg hails from Calhoun County, an area of the state rather different from my own – marked by the Appalachian foothills instead of wide-open cotton fields and belts of pine forest.  The Best Cook in the World is his attempt to capture some of his mother’s culinary magic into book form, if nothing else so that her recipes won’t be lost with time. But, he ruminates at the beginning, there’s a story in every recipe,  and so here he shares a few dozen recipes and prefaces each with a story that brings the dish to mind – whether it was the first recipe his grandmother ever learned (butter rolls),   pie recipes from a neighborly feud,  or turtle soup made most memorable when an old monster of the Coosa river was finally taken down.    The recipes include southern staples that are still around – ham,  black-eyed gravy – as well as more obscure ones, like a use for possum.   Despite the amount of recipes here, though, it’s more a work of folklore and family stories than a pure cookbook, one as rich in humor as it is in taste.   I’ll definitely be reading more of Bragg!  

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A Warning

A Warning
© 2019 A Senior Trump Administration Official
272 pages

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In 2018, a disturbing op-ed ran in The New York Times declaring the existence of a secret band of White House staffers who were ‘working diligently’ to frustrate part of President Trump’s agenda and what they called his “worst inclinations”.   As relieving as it sounded that there were adults in the White House…they weren’t elected, and the idea of some convert cabal undermining Trump’s agenda played right into the president’s narrative about being at war with the DC establishment .    Now, a year later, the author of that same op-ed writes again to declare that the ‘resistance’ is crumbling inside, as the participant staffers have either left or lost the will.   Now, it’s up to Americans to evaluate the character and actions of the chief executive, and —  in November of this year — to render judgment.   A Warning presents the case against Donald Trump  to the American people.

What can the author say about Trump that hasn’t been said, and what behavior can they reveal that we haven’t born witness to already?   A Warning examines different aspects of Trump — his character, his  strengths and weaknesses in various roles as president, his personal and professional relationships — but in truth,  given that Trump makes no effort to hide his inner self, and the fact that we’ve had several books of this kind already (Fire and Fury and Fear) , we know what we’re going to find here.  An intellectually vacant lecher with the attention span and the temperament of a toddler,  who cannot be bothered to take any bit of his job seriously except exulting in the acclaim it gives him; a vulgar and reckless man who bullies staffers and world leaders alike,  whose only thought in any crisis is tending to his own vanity.   He is, in summation, the opposite of a leader, and a constitutional nightmare waiting to happen.

If the reader was not convinced by the review of Trump’s character — the author uses Cicero’s On Duties to evaluate the president by, so it’s particularly damning   —  there are also the practical considerations, like Trump’s economic ignorance (tariffs are taxes on Americans, not outside sellers), his willful destruction of relationships with the United States’ longstanding partners in Europe, and his bizarre courting of third-world thugs, among others.   Curiously, the rupture of the Iran deal, which destroyed American diplomatic credit, is not mentioned.   In the end, the two arguments come together: in a crisis, do we really want someone this distracted and petty, who has a record of bad policy decision, holding the reins?    While there are some decisions a critic could still cheer him for – – I wanted us out of the middle east in 2006 —   that can’t mean excusing him for willful ignorance and gross incompetence.

In the end….well, I don’t know how effective A Warning will be,  at a time when  the worse impulses of the human animal are so easily engorged and marshaled by social media.  It’s worth reading, though, just for a full  and focused appraisal of the strangest administration in US history.

 

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Forward to 2020

Although I’ve never been much for New Year’s, save for enjoying a day off, I do appreciate the occasion it offers to look back on progress,  and to plan for the future.  As I’ve done the latter, already,  time for future planning!

Last year was overwhelmed by the Classics Club, as my quest to finish ahead of time meant putting aside most other themes and projects. This year, I’m keeping things mixed,  and unusually I’ve already got all my science  reading planned! I’m  toying with the idea of doing a “big read” in which I take on a larger work and share periodic updates from it – something like The Shahnameh or The Jewish Annotated New Testament, but we will see. That would definitely wait until I finish Brothers Karamazov! I’d also considered making 2020 the “Year of Beauty”, incorporating books on music,   architecture, dance, novels with moral themes, etc — as a counterbalance to the political ugliness we’ll all be saturated in as November creeps our way — but it feels a little too ambitious. I want to take a break from huge themes and just have a little fun.

My two IRL resolutions for 2020 are to cook more and to make further progress towards minimalism.   I donated 25 boxes of books to Goodwill over the course of 2019 (with another being filled presently!),  and during the  Christmas Day Massacre one of those boxes included numerous works by Isaac Asimov.  That’s a huge step for me, having previously been a deliberate Asimov collector, but I see no point in keeping so many of his science essay collections which I know I’ll never revisit.   The Robots-Empire-Foundation books and his mysteries are safe, of course.  I will continue to ‘shave close’, to quote Thoreau, until my collection brings me peace  and joy, rather than anxiety.    The big challenge in 2020 will be media, however, that oppressive pile of DVD and game discs  filling two bookcase shelves and spilling out onto the floor.  But I’m emboldened by Thoreau and feel prepared to truly put to rout all that is not life.  I have moral support coming up the pike, with The Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning  on hold and soon to be in my possession.

 

So that’s me in 2020. Hope to see you all there!

 

 

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2019 Year in Review

Well,  dear readers,  it’s that time of year again — for appraising one year’s progress and getting ready for another year’s goals.  I’ve had a fantastic year in my personal life  — paying off my student loans,  making huge strides in moving towards minimalism, growing in responsibilities at work, learning to repair and upgrade my PC, trying horseback riding,  meeting a man I’ve admired for decades, and developing new friendships.   But what about the books?

I mentioned yesterday my neglect of the List O’ Books, so the stats below are based only on those books I reported on goodreads.

2020

Mmm, pie!     You can see the categorical breakdown there, but here are more statistics:

Nonfiction dominated fiction, with a 68% to  32% split. And what’s scary is that fiction was heavily augmented by the classics, almost all of which were novels!

Medium Breakdown
48% of my reading came from ebooks
41% came from physical (“real”) books. (Considering the classics were almost all ‘real books’, things do not bode well for the physical category in 2020.)
and 11% came from audiobooks.

And now….The Annual Wall of Text!

The classics marked 2019 like no other year before or since, as I made it my goal to read 20, in large part to finish my Classics Club Challenge a little early. I’m happy to say that I technically made that goal (19 scheduled, 1 early), and anticipate finishing Brothers Karamazov before the winter is out. I’m especially proud to have finished War and Peace , but two other classics of note were The Jungle (which I enjoyed, unexpectedly), and my re-read of The Grapes of Wrath, which was just as brilliant as I remembered from high school.

The downside of the Classics push was that it made it difficult to work on other hoped-for themes, like a celebration of Alabama history and culture that I’d planed to do in conjunction with the State’s bicentennial, celebrated in December 2019. Aside from local history, the only Alabama-focused book I managed was Steve Flowers’ Goats and Governors, which introduced me to some of Alabama’s more colorful public figures.

History in general is the bedrock of my reading any year, and often underpins other categories as well: my science and technology books often have a historical focus, like How the Internet Happened , one of my very favorites for the year. The Only Plane in the Sky follows closely on its heels, being an oral history of 9/11 — the best book on the day, bar none — and Code Girls , earlier in the year, was an eye-opening history of the growth of cryptography in WW2. American Gun was also fun.

Religion and philosophy was anemic for the second year running, with the only notable being Jack Donovan’s The Way of Men – a book I still haven’t reviewed, aside from a comment: “Imagine if Tyler Durden wrote a book….”

Science had a strong year, with fourteen books, although I didn’t quite finish my ‘science survey’ in which I read twelve books from twelve different areas of science: anthropology, usually a shoe-in, got left behind. The strongest contenders were She Has Her Mother’s Laugh, on the complexities of heredity; The Skeptic’s Guide to the Universe , the best volume on critical thinking I’ve yet encountered; The Hidden Life of Trees , an awe-inspiring volume; and The Ice at the End of the World, an interesting mix of adventure and science writing focused on Greenland’s ice sheets.

Technology and Society is a growing category for me as I continue to explore the ramifications of the digital world which we can now never escape This included both works of history, like a chronicle of Google’s rise to power, as well as titles exploring the consequences of digital addiction on society and our minds. Turkle’s Alone Together and Catherine Price’s How to Break Up With Your Phone were both noteworthy, and the latter has induced a few changes in my own phone habits.

Politics and Civic Interest had a strong year all around, with practically no weak entries. The most insightful, for me, was Romance of the Rails, a critical history of the past and future of rail transport in the US, but I also enjoyed Walkable City Rules: 101 Steps To Making Better Places. Foreign-policy wise, I especially enjoyed The Limits of Partnership, on the Russo-American relationship, as well as Our Time Has Come, on India’s growing role in global politics. Closer to history was The Gatekeepers, an appraisal of the importance of the White House Chief of Staff from Eisenhower on. My favorite, though, would be Carl Watner’s I Must Speak Out , a collection of voluntaryist writings covering both theory and practice. (A voluntaryist is a libertarian who’s been nursing both whiskey and an especially bitter grudge against the state.)

Society and Culture’s had a couple of highlights: Anthony Esolen’s In Defense of Boyhood, and Ben Sasse’s Why We Hate Each Other – and How to Heal .

Science fiction was strong in quality if not in number this year, as I explored more of Daniel Suarez and John Scalzi’s works. Suarez was impressive all around ( Freedom being the first) though the only new Scalzi work I really liked was Lock In and its sequel. I read some in Star Trek and Star Wars, but there were no standouts.

In historical fiction, which has lagged this year and last, I enjoyed the first few titles in Paul Fraser Collard’s Jack Lark series, about an infantryman-turned-office’ service in the Crimean and later wars.

I also read quite a bit in miscellaneous topics, from health to prepping; my last favorite was The Unthinkable by Amanda Ripley, on the psychology of disasters and survival.

All told, it was a good year — and I anticipate more and more varied reading in 2020 now that I’m largely free from the Classics challenge!

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Top Ten Favorite Books, 2019

  1.  Code Girls: The American Codebreakers who Helped Win WW2, Liza Mundy. Fun and informative, Code Girls follows the rapid growth of intelligence and crytography during WW2.   Absolutely fascinating!
  2. The Skeptic’s Guide to the Universe, Steven Novella et. al. The best one-volume handbook  on critical thinking, the successor of Sagan’s Demon-Haunted World.
  3. How the Internet Happened, from Netscape to the iPhone, Brian McCullough.   An incredibly fun nostalgic romp through the digital world as it developed.   I especially enjoyed the chapter on the rise of AOL,  being as attached to my AIM program as modern teens are to their social media apps.
  4. War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy.  I’m not just sticking it here to brag about reading it (okay, I am a little). I was honestly captivated by Andrei and Pierre’s separate but related growth as men, and of Tolstoy’s view of the war.
  5. I Must Speak Out: The Best of the Voluntaryist, Carl Watner.  Hard to describe this one without sounding crazy, but let’s just say it’s a collection of political essays..
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  6. Them: Why We Hate Each Other (and How to Heal), Ben Sasse.    Politics has for years angered or depressed me ,  because so much is wrong and nothing seems liable to change in  good ways,    and Sasse’s book was a heartening reminder that there are people out there  who feel the same sense of alienation and are looking for a light out of the darkness.
  7. The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11.    Ordinarily I resist putting December books on my best-of list, because they have an advantage in being recent. But Only Plane in my Sky made this list halfway through, displacing Dan Baum’s Gun Guys.     It’s an incomparable reliving of 9/11 through the eyes of a staggering variety of individuals   who experienced it —  as office workers,  taxi drivers, government employees,  firefighters,   astronauts, etc.  If you only ever read one book on 9/11, make it this one.  (If you read two, make the other The Looming Tower.)
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  8. The Unthinkable: Who Survives When Disaster Strikes and Why, Amanda Ripley.   Easily one of the most interesting books I’ve read all year, examining human behavior during crises like ship sinkings, terrorist attacks, etc.
  9. The Hidden Life of Trees, Peter Wohlleben. An eye-opening walk through the rich life of forests and their leafy members.
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  10. Freedom, Daniel Suarez. (Kill Decision and Change Agent by the same author were also really good!)
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