Humans

© 2020 Brandon Stanton
451 pages

Published after the success of Humans of New York, here Brandon Stanton expand his range and deepens his connectivity with the people whose lives he shares in a single photo. In Humans of New York, readers were presented with an array of New Yorkers whose face or dress or energy caught Stanton’s eye. These were supplemented with a caption that combined with the photo to tell a story. In Humans, Stanton shifts into a more studied and intimate approach, asking people about their challenges and suffering and then incorporating that conversation along with the pictures to hit the reader with both barrels. Humans has an international scope, with many interviews coming from various parts of subsaharan Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, and an outlier or two in Europe and Latin America. Oddly, all of his American interviews are still from New York. Because of Stanton’s starter question — suffering — this collection isn’t overflowing with the warm fuzzies. It’s not a depressing book, but it is a maturer one, demonstrating that joy and triumph are only possible through suffering and hardship. There’s a lot of pathos here — people surviving genocide and living after more intimate losses. Stanton frequently pairs photos and stories: one woman reflects on her abortion, another on how grateful she was that she didn’t pursue one. We meet people who find deepest meaning in their connections with their family and tradition, and others who had to forge their own path. One man leaves his job and falls into poverty, regretting his spontaneity — but another leaves and finds bliss. I enjoyed this, but readers who start it should know that it’s more emotionally demanding and challenging than the of New York original — but in that challenge we are treated to stories of resilience , redemption, and profound meaning.

Kindle Highlights

Honestly, anger is just very addictive. You want to feel angry when you’re suffering. It gives you adrenaline. It gets your endorphins going. It’s a release. It’s a substitute for what you’re missing.

I’m too young to start nuclear disposal because it’s dangerous and I don’t have the proper gloves. But I do recycle and keep plants on my balcony.

I just finished my first year of college. I expected it to be like a nineties movie where I’d sit under trees, read books, and meet a nice boy who’d show me his yacht. But I’m not a good protagonist. My life would be a terrible movie.

Some of my customers ask me: ‘Why don’t you expand your shop? Why don’t you turn it into a café, and start selling Coca-Cola?’ Because that means more staff. More wages. More taxes. More responsibility. I don’t want to weigh myself down. I want to be free. It’s a long time in the ground, my friend.

There’s a line from a Russian poem. It says: ‘We love just once in a lifetime. And spend the rest of our lives looking for something similar.’ I’ve had other girlfriends after Oksana. But I don’t remember their birthday. Oksana’s birthday was July 29.

I’ve fallen in love with literature. I try to read for one or two hours every day. I only have one life to live. But in books I can live one thousand lives.

The quickest way to find a person’s expertise is by learning their struggle. What they’ve battled. What they’ve carried with them the longest. Because it’s what they’ve thought about the most.

I used to be a corporate attorney for Coca-Cola. I worked eighty hours a week. Then one day I asked my boss for a single Friday off and he said no. So I left my dog with my brother and flew to Europe. That was ten years ago. It’s been super——– chill.

Truth feels heavy. It has gravity. It’s usually not floating on the surface.

Adults don’t have an actual life. You can’t go outside. You don’t get to hang out with friends very much. Maybe text a little, but that’s it. You just wake up, get ready for work, then work, then maybe watch a little TV, then go to bed. All of it seems depressing. But apparently everyone has to do it.

My brother shot himself last November. He always viewed himself as my superior. He’d never come to my door when he visited. He’d always wait in the car for me to come out. He had more money, more lovers, more everything. But he was always searching for more. He was never satisfied. My brother was a character. He was a successful character, but he was a character. And that character ended up eating him.

I think you have only one duty in life. You stand up and you go.

My ex-wife got the real estate. And I got my peace.

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Tuesday things

Welcome to Tuesday! Today’s teaser comes from Air: The Restless Shaper of Our World, and the Top Ten Tuesday topic is “Things That Automatically Make Me Want to Buy a Book“.

[…]it was Darwin who taught us to think in this way. His travels aboard the Beagle confirmed his hunch that the world is not an aggregate of stable individuals, but a network of processes out of which individuals arise and into which they return. The world is a concert that brings forth its own instruments.”

pg. 33, Air: The Restless Shaper of Our World. William Bryant Logan

And now, top ten things that make me want to buy a book. I’m going to try to avoid rehashing the “Top Ten Authors on Autobuy” too much!

(1) Certain authors, like Bernard Cornwell (historical fiction), Anthony Esolen (society, culture, Catholicism), Wendell Berry (culture, farming, rural/household economics), Robert Harris (historical fiction), Joseph Pearce (literature & Catholicism), etc.

(2) Certain narrators. Did Wil Wheaton or Roger Clark perform the narration? Then I’m game to listen.

(3) Authors’ recommendations. I finally dove into Lord of the Rings and P.G. Wodehouse because one of my very favorite authors, Isaac Asimov, mentioned them frequently. Similarly, there are authors who draw on or mention a book, and the weight of my regard for them means automatically taking a look at the book itself.

(4) Good podcast conversations about a book. I listen to podcasts regularly, and some of my favorite books have come because I heard their authors in an extended back-and-forth on something like EconTalk — The Green Metropolis, for instance.

(5) Setting. Near-future science fiction? Count me interested. Medieval Europe? Let me at `em. Dixie or the Southwest? I want to know about it.

(6) Good workmanship on the book itself — especially graceful, classy fonts and deckled-edged pages.

(7) A recommendation from a friend. A lot of books I’ve read over the years here have come from IRL or digital friends — or, people who just dropped by! One of my favorite books, indeed one of my favorite authors, came from someone randomly commenting that if I liked Walden and Civil Disobedience, I’d enjoy Ed Abbey. Boy, was that an understatement.

(8) Promising blurbs. If an author I respect offers a book blurb, or better yet writes the introduction, I’m definitely taking a long and considered look.

(9) If it’s unusual. This applies more for random bookstore finds, but there are some books that are so uncommon — not in terms of how many used copies are online, but just odd or unexpected — that I have to take a chance on it.

(10) Subject. This is extremely broad, so I’ll use it to finish the list. There are a lot of topics I have a strong academic interest in, like World War 2 aviation, or understanding human behavior through the lens of evolutionary biology & psychology. As a citizen, I’m frequently drawn to books that help me understand how we might create a better society together — reading books on transportation and infrastructure, for instance, or how urban planning can induce or stifle human flourishing. Most keenly, though, I’m attracted to books that offer some piercing insight into why things are why they are, or expose something important about modernity that we might be blind to. I’m most drawn to books that defend the human and the humane against modernity, consumerism, and self-worship.

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Humans of New York

Humans of New York
© 2013 Brandon Stanton
304 pages

If you ever needed proof that a picture is worth a thousand words, consider one shot near the end of this volume. The scene is a New York city street. A young man — a tall, strapping Marine in full dress uniform — and his tearful mother stand close together, staring at something off-camera. The caption? 9/11/2011. There is a story in that shot that we can guess at, of a father who fell, of another young man who is now following his father’s footsteps in the wars that followed from that date ten years before. Humans of New York is saturated with stories like that, but most of them are more joyful than tragic. The book opens with the photographer/editor’s own story, of how he left his job as a daytrader and began a photographic tour of the United States, where he quickly felt irresistibly drawn to the people who filled urban landscapes rather than the landscapes themselves. These photos, originally posted to his facebook group, developed a life and following of their own. The collection here shows off New York’s enormous diversity, spotlighting little babies offering toothless smiles and old men offering advice. Stanton’s eye gravitates toward ‘characters’ — people who dress or move in eccentric fashion, or who have a story to tell. Each photo has a caption, most of which add significantly to the story — and testifying to Stanton’s ever watchful eye as a photographer, as he often caught moments that were utterly fleeting. Every single one of these photos is striking in some way — often for the fashion and hairstyles, or for the setting, but more often than not for the people — caught in their feelings. Stanton sometimes took candid shots, but many of these are the result of people he’d stopped on the street and talked to, and ‘posed’ in some way — not just physically, but emotionally. In one shot, for instance, he asked a young dancer to put all of his energy into the greatest move ever, and that intensity is captured here. It’s a beautiful volume, a human mosaic full of beauty, creativity, and passion.

This video reminds me of the book.

There are no ordinary people. You have never talked to a mere mortal. Nations, cultures, arts, civilizations – these are mortal, and their life is to ours as the life of a gnat. But it is immortals whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub and exploit – immortal horrors or everlasting splendors. This does not mean that we are to be perpetually solemn. We must play. But our merriment must be of that kind (and it is, in fact, the merriest kind) which exists between people who have, from the outset, taken each other seriously – no flippancy, no superiority, no presumption.

CS Lewis, The Weight of Glory
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Log Cabin Pioneers

Log Cabin Pioneers: Stories, Songs, and Sayings
© 2001 Wayne Erbson
184 pages

Few things are more evocative of the American frontier than a log cabin. This isn’t a new thing, either: log cabins entered American iconography as early as the 1840s, when a presidential candidate was mocked for his supposedly modest background and weaponized it in response, incorporating a humble cabin  into his campaign literature to advertise his simple frontier virtues of hard work, self-sufficiency, and ingenuity. Despite growing up in sunny southern California, Wayne Erbson dreamt of living in a log cabin one day – and despite the odds, he and his wife found one for sale, in relatively good condition (minus the collapsing porch & steps). He opens Log Cabin Pioneers with an account of how such structures were originally built, pairing this with his story of restoring the old Crawford place, and building an outhouse on the property in a suitable spot. From here, Erbeson expands into frontier culture, particularly music: he has an avid interest in folk music, both traditional and modern, knowing everything from melodies that drifted over from Britain, to the songbook of the Industrial Workers of the World. Erbson laments the fall of music, which was once the province of everyone but which has become a product to be consumed, often alone.  From here we move into the labor of cooking in the frontier, with included recipes, and finally into general lore — ranging from stories about how to learn to play the fiddle from the devil, to how to forecast the weather. You may argue amongst yourselves as to where these fall between traditional knowledge and simple superstition. Almost every page has a little frontier saying on it, though what some of them mean I can only imagine. “More ways to kill a dog than choke it with biscuits”? I’m guessing that’s kin to “there’s more than one way to skin a cat”.   If you fall in this book’s niche audience — those interested in the culture of the early 19th century pioneers — you’ll find no shortage of interesting little tidbits and funny stories.  I can only end with the insightful words of Honest Abe himself, who offered as a blurb on the back of this book — “For those of you who like this kind of a book, this is the kind of book you will like.” That certainly sold me on it!  

Related:
Count Those Buzzards!, Kathryn Tucker Windham. A collection of Alabama folklore. Very small, more of a booklet with ambition.
Everyday Life in Early America, David Freeman Hawke. A social history of Americans during early colonization.

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Bing Reccommends me Books

“A vaporwave illustration of an IBM computer with a simple face smiling at a human male and handing him a book to read through the screen”

I made Bing consider all of my reviews from 2007 forward and then asked it to recommend me some books. This took some doing, because it kept giving me lists that were mostly books I’ve already read,, but after repeated attempts over two week I’ve been able to glean ten original titles. On my most successful approach, I asked Bing first to check out the blog and identify the author’s biggest interests, and then recommend books on those interests. My “About” page was a bit of a cheatsheet for bing, I think. I’ve bolded the ones I’d heard of before and already interested in. When I tried the same trick for fiction, all I got back was classics, nothing I hadn’t heard of . However, last week I asked it for a list of near-future SF titles and found a few authors I’m definitely eyeballing.

The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, Shoshana Zuboff

The Madness of Crowds, Douglas Murray

The Myth of the Rational Voter, Bryan Caplan

The World Beyond Your Head, Matthew Crawford

The Culture of Narcissism, Christopher Lasch

Democracy: The God that Failed, Hans-Hermann Hoppe

Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl

The End of Nature, Bill McKibben

The Overspent American, Juliet Schor

The Tyranny of Experts, William Easterly

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Tales from the Deadball Era

Tales from the Deadball Era: Ty Cobb, Home Run Baker, Shoeless Joe Jackson, and the Wildest Times in Baseball History
© 2014 Mark S. Halfon, narrated by Michael Butler Murray
240 pages | Audible 8 hrs 4 minutes

George Carlin once mocked baseball in one of his sketches, comparing its urbaneness with the ‘technological struggle’ of football. He couldn’t make such a sketch a hundred years before, because baseball as we know it was very different — technically professional, in that players were receiving pay and signed to contracts and the like, but far more combative, with players and fans accosting one another and often the umpire, leading to serious injuries and at least one death. Violence was more accepted as part of play, with spiked cleats giving basemen a reason to dread runners sliding at them. It wasn’t quite as bad as the old practice of tagging runners out by hitting them with a thrown baseball, but player-on-player injuries were not uncommon. A lot of rules moderating the sport did not yet exist, so fielders had considerable license to modify balls to make them unpredictable and even difficult to see — and the same ball might be used for the duration of the game, being replaced only if it was knocked out of the park. Already soft to begin with, when a misshapen ball soaked in tobacco spit and covered in dirt careened toward the plate, it had a better chance of becoming a ‘beanball’ and smacking the batter than it did making it into the outfield. The difficult nature of these balls meant that players played ‘inside’ baseball, working the infield and batting not for power but for strategy — the object was to make contact and get men on base, not to swing for the fences, so there was more bunting than we see today. Frankly, this kind of game sounds more interesting, but the grand slams that followed in the wake of Ruth and rules that reduced the amount of ball-tampering and irregular pitching proved to be popular with spectators. Violence and drunkenness were common, but so was gambling — and the cheating that followed in its wake, as pro ball players who felt shortchanged by their owners (and whose attempts at striking were always undermined) were susceptible to playing a weaker game in return for a few thousand under the table. There are a lot of big personalities here, including Ty Cobb — who Halfon is kinder to than others, detailing how the southerner was endlessly hazed by his Yankee teammates, so much to the point that he started carrying a handgun for protection. The book ends with an appraisal of the Black Sox scandal, which Halfon argues was not at all unusual for its time, and the fact that it became such a public outrage was more helpful to baseball than not, leading to increased scrutiny and better oversight to sharply reduced corruption from gambling. At any rate, following the passage of Prohibition, the gangsters bankrolling such corruption would soon have other mischief to keep them busy. If you’re a fan of baseball, this was tremendously entertaining, with a lot of strong characters at play and insight into an era where the game was very different.

Related:
The Glory of their Times: The Story of Early Baseball, Told by the Men who Played It, ed. Thomas Ritter
How Baseball Happened, Thomas Gilbert

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Teesday Tuese & TT

Bing’s attempt to create Civil War soldiers playing hopscotch. The sepia effect was my contribution.


Common exercises were foot racing, wrestling, boxing, leapfrog, hopscotch, quoits, and marbles. Some Rebs played tenpins after a fashion ironically unique, by rolling cannon balls at the pins, or at holes in the ground.

The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy

The mind boggles at Civil War soldiers playing hopscotch. The reference sent me to wandering across the interwebs and I discovered that it was a game invented in Britain during Roman rule. Roman soldiers played it to improve their footwork.

Top Ten Tuesday: Things Getting in the Way of Reading

(1) The laundry baskets in front of my book case. As soon as I fold and put away they get filled up again.

(2) My very-real fear that if I remove one book from Mount Doom, the whole stack will collapse on me and bury me alive.

…oh, wait. Hang on. I’m getting something from the studio here…..apparently I’ve misunderstood the prompt. It’s meant to be things I keep doing instead of reading. Let’s try that again..

3)  Work, obviously. You’d think working in a library meant more reading time, but ours is a very social services oriented-library, so books are just in the background for me at work!  I spend most of my time (when not updating manuals, printing flyers, updating the website ,etc)  working directly with patrons on computers, trying to help them to get information or send information to government agencies, corporations, etc.  (Not to mention the ‘official’ work I’m responsible for, like maintaining computers and doing historical research.) I have to hang out at the local bookstore on Saturdays to get my fill of ‘time spent with booky people’. 

4) Education. I have an active Coursera account and try to watch at least an hour of content per night, always in the area of IT-related things. It might be Google Workspace management, Python essentials,  or even (currently) a history of the internet. 

5) Zoning out.  Here work comes into play, because after a long day of being constantly asked questions, I want to zone out for a bit. I’ll put on some music and play a mindless game (The Sims 4 and American Truck Simulator are favorites for this), and then switch to something more respectable like a podcast or Coursera. Howeverrrrrr, sometimes I get in a very comfortable space where I’m just listening to music/youtube for most of the evening, at least until 10 o’clock rolls around and I realize I still have to do laundry for tomorrow. 

6) PC Games. Mostly related to zoning out, but there are games that keep me thinking and engaged  — and not paying attention to the clock at all.   I like building things in The Sims 4, for instance.  One of the current things I’m fiddling around with is a minimalist high school for the game that is inspired by the School building in SimCity 3000: another is a retro cafe built over a fallout shelter turned into a bowling alley.

7) The outdoors. If the weather is nice out (which, in Alabama, means it’s April, May, or early December) ,  I’m  liable to be out hiking, exploring forgotten parts of the state, or chasing good photos or bird-sightings. 

8) Just regular ol’ adult responsibilities and activities. I’m not a husband or father, , but I actively pursue meaningful connection in my life by being engaged with church & civic organizations,  and – rule of thumb – -the busier you already are, the more attractive you are to people who need something done, because your sheer business testifies to the fact that you get things done.  I’m at the point where I actively have to orient myself with my Outlook calendar because otherwise there’s too much going on. 

9) Personal projects.   It might be a short story I’m fiddling around with, or a blog/website idea, or something for the garden. It’s possible within the next year I might be engaged in a book of local history (principally as editor – it’s more of a pictorial history with expository captions), so that might become especially competitive in the future.

10) Friends. I spent at least 15 hours a week between work and sleep spending time with friends. This often means hanging out at the Harmony Club, either swapping gossip or watching movies, or having dinner and porch-sitting with others. A lot of my friends are likeminded cranks who insist on socializing in person rather than texting, so we make time to spend with one another on a regular basis. I like spending my lunch alone reading, but if someone wants to meet up at the Coffee Shoppe to check in, I’m not saying no!

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Best of the Science Survey, 2017 – 2022

I recently realized that I’m in my sixth year of doing the Science Survey, and am marking the ocassion by thinking about the ten best reads of that period. For the uninitiated, the Science Survey is an attempt to structure my science reading so that I don’t binge on a few particular topics and lose my tenuous-at-best grasp on things like cosmology. As you can tell by the list below, left to my own devices anthropology, biology, and psychology would dominate.

THE BEST OF THE SCIENCE SURVEY’S FIRST FIVE YEARS

I Contain Multitudes, Ed Yong. On the complex relationship between humans and the bacteria. Survey 2017.

The Hidden Life of Trees, Peter Wohlleben. Far and away one of the most eye-opening science & nature books I’ve ever read. Survey 2019.

The Ice at the End of the World,
Jon Gertner. On the physical and scientific exploration of Greenland.

The Goodness Paradox, Richard Wrangham, on virtue and violence. Survey 2020.

Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories, Rob Brotherton. Survey 2020.

The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make us Human, Jonathan Gottschall. Survey 2021.

How Emotions are Made, Lisa Feltman Barrett. This deserves a re-read and proper review, because it was good. Survey 2021.

Good Reasons for Bad Feelings, Randolph Nesse. On how evolutionary psychology can help us make sense of our emotions, and (to a smaller degree) how our brains are modernity are often at cross purposes. Survey 2021.

The Last Stargazers, Emily Levesque. On how modern astronomy is done — and the adventures therin! Survey 2021.

An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the World Around Us, Ed Yong. Survey 2022.

I’m hoping to complete this year’s survey in June, and know the titles I’ll be using to fulfill my remaining few categories — mostly. Thinking Scientifically is between Steven Pinker’s Rationality or Neil deGrasse Ttyson’s Starry Messenger.

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Breaking Bad & Bama Baseball

If you’re an obsessive fan of Breaking Bad — and is any fan of Breaking Bad not an obsessive one? — this little book is a quick treat, consisting of summaries with commentary of each respective season, along with character analyses and more random pieces, like a top ten list of best lines from the show. San Juan doesn’t just recap what’s happening, but comments on the character dynamics, background drama motivating characters that viewers are aware of when they watch the show, but haven’t necessarily articulated for themselves. The author’s picks demonstrate how powerful this show could be — not needing long, epic speeches but using its bench of phenomenal acting talent to create explosive scenes with just a line or two and genuine talent. (“Perhaps your best course of action would be…. to tread lightly .”) This is of great interest to BB fans. Love the cover!

Baseball in Alabama is not a history of how America’s game came to the Heart of Dixie, but is instead a collection of profiles and stories from ballplayers who came from Alabama, some of who returned home to create foundations and the like to improve the lives of their fellow citizens. Although football is the sport most commonly associated with Alabama, thanks to UA’s Crimson Tide and Auburn University, many of the MLB’s greatest players have come from this state, including Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, and Satch Paige. Many of the stories are drawn from interviews with the players themselves, and those dating to the fifties and sixties illustrate the personal frustrations and indignities of black ballplayers, who frequently couldn’t eat in the same restaurants as their teammates. Some of the features are more general, like a tribute to Rickwood Field in Birmingham. If you’re a serious baseball reader who has an Alabama connection, this will be of interest.

Kindle Highlights:

The list of hall of famers from Mobile amazes. Five of the game’s all-time greats (Hank Aaron, Willie McCovey, Satchel Paige, Ozzie Smith and Billy Williams) call Mobile—a city with a population slightly under 200,000, the third largest in Alabama—their hometown. Put this in the context of thirteen states not having a native son enshrined in Cooperstown, and it astounds.

The pugilistic crowd provided highlights for the players, including hijinks fueled by alcohol. “The foul pole connected the lower deck and the upper deck. We look down there, and there’s a guy climbing the foul pole from the lower deck trying to get to the upper deck. Obviously, he had too much to drink. Somewhere, about halfway, he had a sobering moment and just froze. Wouldn’t climb up and wasn’t going down. Stuck. Had to call the fire department. Stop the game. The fire department got him down. It can be a crazy place.”

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The War as the South Saw It

The Confederate Reader: The War as the South Saw It
© 1999 Richard B. Harwell
416 pages

Mention ‘The War’ in the South without any context, and most anyone will understand which one  you’re referring to – the only War that has lasting import to the South,  giving it a distinct story from the rest of the country. The Confederate Reader collects a wide variety of  Southern primary source selections sourced from the War   into one relatively small volume. The collection begins with an excerpt from the original bill of secession that South Carolina adopted in reaction to the election of Lincoln,  and then rapidly expands to include everything from official military reports to letter & diary excerpts, with more miscellaneous items like comedic pieces also included.  Theaters outside the main, like naval encounters and the victories of the CSA’s Cherokee general, Stand Watie, are incorporated here as well. The pieces are organized by year,  and include introductions when appropriate from Harwell. Although he’s a southern editor & author,  Harwell’s commentary is non-partisan, regarding the breakup of the Union and the war that followed an unnecessary tragedy. (He’s also edited and released  a Union Reader which presumably mirrors this collection for Yankeedom.)   

Though I’m no stranger to Civil War primary sources,   having read excerpts from letters and diaries before,   this collection’s variety of items offered a bounty of interest.    I saw here sources often used in social histories of the war, including the recently-read Our Man in Charleston.    Although this collection has a lot of informative value for someone who has only read military histories and the like, giving some sense of what it was like to experience the war across class lines,   there’s also entertainment value – not just in the humor pieces, but through the joy of mid-19th century prose.  One reads picks up a newspaper today and finds, for the most part,  prose of the most pedestrian nature – but  the battle reports and obituaries collected here have such grace and drama in them they’re practically literature, making them a pleasure to read even when they concern something tragic, like an unexpected death or the ruin of a great city.   The collection offers surprise after surprise: the Battle of Gettysburg, for instance, was not regarded at the time as a mortal wound  that made the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse inevitable, but merely a frustratingly incomplete victory:   Lee had pushed the Yanks back for two days, but was forced to withdraw ‘in good order’ with many prisoners after realizing further reinforcements were making progress impossible.   Whether this is a case of the public receiving problematic military reports, or simply a case of the scope of the defeat not being evident until after its repercussions had time to bear fruit, I can’t say.   Some places were relatively untouched by the war, like Mobile – hosting Mardi Gras fêtes even under siege.  There’s little included for 1865, in part because most publishing had ceased at that point,  resources being unavailable. 

The Confederate Reader should be of great interest to any ACW student, offering a non-politicized bounty of primary source examples to deliver a sense of how the war progressed from exultant rebellion to ruin.

Related:
A People’s History of the Civil War, David C. Williams. A bleak but thoroughly eye-opening exposure that examines the frailties and motives of those on all sides. No one emerges with an intact halo.

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