A Conspiracy of Paper

A Conspiracy of Paper
© 2000 David Liss
442 pages

Benjamin Weaver is a man with a curious trade. Having left the family business years ago, in his early days he earned acclaim for his skills as a boxer, introducing a ‘scientific’ approach to the sport and retiring only after breaking his leg. Now he uses his intelligence and strength to different ends, serving as a quasi-detective and bill collector, sorting through mysteries, hunting down thieves, and flushing out debtors. Now Balfour, a jumped-up merchantman with delusions of nobility, is demanding Weaver’s services, albeit reluctantly.  However much he might disdain Weaver for being a common Jew, Balfour believes his and Weaver’s father were both in the same business, dabbling in high finance — and that their deaths, far from being accidental, were murders. Although Weaver is dubious at first, initial probings confirm that Balfour’s claims may have merit. And so he takes up the challenge of finding out who killed his father and why, in the process crossing paths with London’s most notorious gangster and stumbling into the emerging world of high finance, where greedy men and powerful banks vie for the nation’s coffers. The result is a captivating mystery, an absolutely stunning piece of historical fiction that rivals even Bernard Cornwell for the richness of its details.

I’ve read David Liss before, as he penned one of my favorite novels from last year, The Ethical Assassin. This and Assassin seem worlds apart, and not only for their disparate settings. Liss adopts a voice in Conspiracy of Paper which is meant to evoke the style of 18th century literature and prose, with some modifications for readability.  The voice is a triumph; from the first page the elegance of it entranced me. There are books so artfully written that the mere sound of the words is a pleasure to experience, and this is one them. To this Liss adds a truly labyrinthian mystery. The setting is that of the 18th century, when paper currency is gaining popularity in the form of bank notes, and governments are beginning to finance their wars and large-scale commercial projects through the issuance of bonds, or loans. Commercial enterprises like the South Sea Company reliance on selling stock to finance themselves as well, and in London people are beginning to trade bonds for stocks, moving further away from simple specie-based transactions. Money is becoming increasingly complex, and those who understand the subtleties of finance can make a killing by taking advantage of those who don’t.  Weaver has never journeyed into this world before, even though his father and uncle are both tradesmen who were involved the markets. To unravel the mystery he must first understand what his father’s business was, and Liss accomplishes this by having various characters, including a comical surgeon who doubles as Weaver’s best friend and confidant, teach him the new economics.  There are few souls in London in whom Weaver can place complete trust; he is exploring a labyrinth, and there are many who wish him to fail. Some take direct action against him, and others are content with subtle misdirection.  The entanglements only increase as Weaver progresses further in. Having few facts to go on, he must instead rely on probabilities and instinct, guessing where the next few turns might take him…and sometimes, forcing his way through the maze’s walls to simplify things, relieving the tension with drama.

What I like most about The Ethical Assassin, beyond its quirky humor, was the thoughtful discussion Liss’ characters mull through. Assassin’s themes were veganism and anarchism, though here Liss is a bit more subdued, his target that of paper money. As the promises of payment — banknotes — supplant actual payment, and paper replaces precious metals, the imaginary seems to have triumphed over the real. Money becomes a matter of belief, not fact, and Weaver would find it difficult to take seriously were it not for the fact that seemingly harmless actions, mere crimes of paper, keep manifesting themselves in the real world, in murders, robberies, and burned homes. And however much he might find the new finances absurd, there are those who believe that the fate of the nation hinges on Weaver leaving well enough alone.

A Conspiracy of Paper is quite a feat; delightful and fascinating. Considering what I’ve read so far, Liss is rapidly becoming a favorite author.

Related:
Gallows Thief, Bernard Cornwell
The Ascent of Money, Niall Ferguson
The Ethical Assassin, David Liss

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Nickle and Dimed

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America
© 2001 Barbara Ehrenreich
221 pages

In 1998, Barbara Ehrenreich asked her editor at Harpers Weekly a question for which neither had an answer: how do people get by on the meager wages available to the unskilled? To find out, Barbara reinvented herself as “Barb”, a recently divorced homemaker with no work experience. Leaving her world of comfort and ease behind her, ‘Barb’ moved around the country, from Florida to Maine to Minneapolis, looking for the best work and cheapest rents available in a given area — and attempting to make ends meet. She found out that ‘unskilled’ labor is anything but, for every job required a different set of physical, mental, and social skills, some so demanding as to be overwhelming — especially after she was forced to take on second jobs just to break even. For despite the sneering retorts of politicans eager to dismantle social programs, simply finding a job isn’t the answer to poverty — the cost of living is so high that one job often isn’t even enough to survive on, let alone serve as a foundation for fiscal success. Further, in her time spent in the trenches, Ehrenreich realized the conventional argument of these politicians is utterly reversed from reality. Far from those on welfare living off the work of others,  those who are comfortable maintain that existence only because of the treatment the working poor stoically endure,  doing jobs that no one appreciates but everyone demands, and receiving nothing — not even a sense of security — for their efforts. Ehrenreich’s insights would have been damning in 1998: today, in a worsened situation, they demand reading.

Barb begins her existance in Florida, as a waitress. The experience is  a baptism by fire; introducing her to both impossible customers and hostile low-level managers, who seem to be paid just to ensure that the staff are miserable. She soon looks for additional work on the housekeeping staff of a local hotel, but the stress of two jobs proves more than she can take and soon ‘Barb’ makes her first move — this time, to Maine, where she works as a maid, and later moves again to Minnesota to experience life as a Wal-Mart associate. While waitressing, cleaning, and sales are her primary occupations in these experienments,  invariably she has to look for supplemental work to meet her expenses, usually a part time job like the weekend gig she took in a nursing home, serving food and providing entertainment for a ward of patients with dementia.  Taking on a second job doesn’t necessarily solve her problems: in fact, she usually decides to try another state soon after beginning a second job and realizing it’s too much. Not only can she often not take the stress of two jobs — of having to scurry from one to the other without a break in between — but taking on a second job often adds additional financial burdens. While her first job might have been chosen for its relative proximity to cheap housing, the second is usually more distant, consuming more of her time and forcing more dependence on transportation.  Even when Barb pulls ahead, it’s by so meager a count that the smallest disaster threatens to destroy her standing completely. Try accounting for a trip to the doctor or replacing a car part with $8.  Sadly, this is not hypothetical; while working as a maid, Barb witnesses one of her coworkers hobbling around on a bad ankle because she can’t afford to lose a day of pay, let alone spend money at a physician’s office.

There’s voyeuristic appeal in Nickle and Dimed, but Ehrenreich combines a narrative of her experience with serious analysis,  picking apart the hiring, working, and living conditions, and pointing out that as strapped for time and cash as she is, “Barb” is getting off easy. Unlike her coworkers, she isn’t trying to raise a family on these meager wages…and unlike them, her body hasn’t been broken by a lifetime of motonous, labor-intensive work. Ehrenreich writes that if it is possible for her to pass as a fake, if productive, member of the working class, it is only thanks to a lifetime of above-average nutrition and plenty of time spent at the gym. Her coworkers make the most of what they can in a desperate situation — attempting to survive on lunches of hot dog buns and nothing else, or living together to pool resources.

They shouldn’t have to. The United States has been a fantastically wealthy country throughout most of the 20th century, and that conditions like this exist is outrageous — an insult to what we are capable of. Although Ehrenreich’s account dramatically establishes that the conditions of the working class which exist are unconscionable, she doesn’t evaluate what went wrong or what can be done to change this. Her own experience does hint at part of the problem, though, the decentralization of American cities. The rents she can afford are generally far from the places which are hiring…and with no mass transit system in place, and with sprawl so extensive as to defy attempts to build such a system, she’s forced to drive. In Asphalt Nation, Jane Holtz Kay called this ‘the geography of inequity’. Ehrenreich is alarmed at the prospect of $2/gallon gas, less than half of today’s prices.

Nickle and Dimed must be read by Americans, because the problems Ehrenreich witnessed are still here and are more pronounced.  Witness the results of the National Low Income Housing Coalition‘s reports on the affordability of rent on a minimum-wage salary. Today, to afford a two-bedroom apartment on the minimum wage in Maine and Florida, “Barb” would have to work 81 and 97 hours respectively. Working two full-time jobs, “Barb” wouldn’t make quite enough to pay rent — let alone groceries, bills, transportation, or anything else. While ‘Barb’ doesn’t  need a two-bedroom apartment, consider that two adults with kids would have the same problem. Even if both were fully employed, they couldn’t afford rent — or anything else, including daycare. Resolving this crisis will probably take work on both ends. Although the minimum wage should adjusted to be a living wage, more fundamentally the United States has to change to become a more livable nation. The zoning laws which prohibit mixed-used architecture — a traditional source of cheap apartments — need to be taken off the books. In addition to promoting sprawl, they have destroyed the ability of the poor to live recently. It is no accident that Transportation for America, a group advocating for a transportation system that can not only be paid for, but be used effectively by everyone, advocates for the restoration of mixed-used planning.

If only to convince you that a problem exists, this is a must read.The working class didn’t create the miserable conditions they are stuck in, and no one should be forced to endure them.  I would also recommend the books in the related section.

Related:

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At the Library

Great news to report! Back in January I began volunteering at my hometown library while I looked for work, for four hours a week helping in the reference department’ computer lab. In one wing of our library is an area with two dozen computers, and my job was to sign people into and out of the lab, and assist them as needed. At the end of March, one of the library’s staff members was offered an opportunity in another city, and the director of my own library invited me to take her place. I thus donned the blue and khaki of the library in which I grew up,  my new boss a woman who — ages ago — took me by the hand and led me and a group of other children on a town of Selma’s historic downtown. Since then I’ve been working steadily and happily as a reference assistant, although the last two weeks were especially hectic as I have been covering other people’s hours while they were on vacation, hence my diminished activity online. The work is fulfilling, however, and the experience so far leads me to believe I would be quite happy as a librarian.

My main duty is to monitor the computer lab, which is used steadily throughout the day for people. Most patrons are merely stepping in to check their email or browse the internet, but these days people reply on the library as a place to help them with their job searches. They not only use the computers to fill out applications, but employ library resources — books and staff — to help them write resumes.  (That is what I assume I am doing in the picture above.)  Another mainstay is that of word processing, most of which seems to be done for school projects. Patrons keep us constantly busy, as we must help them navigate the software and work through websites to find the information they need. Given my other duties (faxing, assisting patrons in running the copier) as part of the reference staff,  most of what we do can be summarized as helping people use technology. The number of adults who still regard the computer and internet with confusion and anxiety still surprises me, though there are many who take the right attitude. A gentlemen I have been assisting the last couple of weeks had never used computers before, but he decided to enroll in an online university. Since then he’s been coming in and getting practice; the two of us work together side by side, and he is gaining confidence in his ability to use the machine to his own advantage.

After almost a month of regular work, I’m already starting to recognize most of the usual patrons and my brain is busy creating little storage files on them, remembering their favorite computers and the the kind of interaction I’m liable to have with them. I know that this fellow always comes in early and always requests headphones;  and that another woman comes in several times a week to work on her school assignments. Of course, there are the problem patrons. There are certain computers the reference staff likes to use for handling certain patrons: troublemakers get computers that allow us to monitor what they’re doing, and those who often need help will be seated near us so we can work with them and at the same time watch the desk and printer. One of my duties is to occasionally patrol the lab straightening desks; this is to make sure no one is doing anything inappropriate and to see if anyone needs help. Most of those who need help are aggressive about asking for it, some more politely than others. I’ve never been snapped  or whistled at, thankfully.

Although I’ve worked in a similar position before, as a secretarial assistant in which I spent a great deal of time answering questions from students and fetching information they needed, that job was much more predictable. The information students asked me for tended to be the same: class times, class cancellations, and course requirements. In the library, there’s really no boundary to the kind of information we might be asked to procure. Since we recently passed the deadline for tax filing in the United States, we’ve been getting a lot of patrons looking for the appropriate forms, and so help me if I haven’t become conversant in the language of taxes. “Capital gains? Oh, she needs Schedule D!”.  In addition to tax forms, we also have huge binders full of commonly-used legal forms used by people and businesses, and people often don’t know the exact form they need so I have to ask probing questions and then figure out what would be best for them.

Although as a volunteer most of my time was spent “babysitting the computers”,  since becoming a staff member I’ve had many more opportunities to work with what I wanted to work with in the first place — people looking for books. Because I’m such an avid nonfiction reader, anyone looking for nonfiction books is directed to me, and — unless they’re reading something on flower arrangement or deer hunting, or one of the other few areas outside of my wide interests —  I can generally help them find the book they need. Last week, for instance, a teenage girl came in wanting a book on tidal waves. We don’t have any books on tidal waves themselves, but I’d read The Oceans recently and knew it had a substantial section on the matter. Typically I spend all of the morning and some of the afternoon behind the desks: in the late afternoon,  student assistants and volunteers are available for the desk-babysitting, and I have time to tend to my official duties:  maintaining the special displays, reshelving, and the never-finished task of Sorting Shelves.  In our reference department there are three areas in which we display a dozen or so books (in each area) linked by a theme. Part of my job is to update these displays every two weeks. This is somewhat demanding, as I have to come up with an idea that (1) we have enough books to create a full display on and (2) that the patrons will find attractive.  I don’t think I have a particularly firm grasp on what ordinary people find interesting in a book, so that that latter demand is especially onerous. At the moment I am displaying books on spring cleaning and home maintenance, the American Civil War (there is a reenactment scheduled this month), and Women.  I chose Women because March was Women’s History month, and so I have books  on women’s issues, biographies of famous women, and notable books by female authors out.  Finding books that meets my standards for promotion and that patrons would find interesting is a balancing act. Although I snobbily think girls should be reading about Eleanor Roosevelt, Amelia Earhart, and other women who have become leaders, I know patrons are apt to find books on Oprah more interesting. So, I mix them up: I use biographies like Whoopie Goldberg’s to lure patrons to the shelves, but right next to the eye-catching bios are more “meatier” books.  So far the women’s theme has been a big success, but this is because one of the area schools assigned a project for their class in which every student must do an essay on a black woman. The timing of that has made me look positively brilliant: the books on Michelle Obama, Billie Holiday, Barbara Jordan, and so on flew off the shelves. I’ve taken advantage of it by finding all of our biographies of famous black women, and whenever one is checked out I put another one on display.

The job is not without its down periods. When I have nothing else to do, my standard “keep busy” assignment is to Straighten Shelves, in which I labor to see that the stacks are neat — that every  row of books  is even. This, like sweeping, must be done…but is never finished. Patrons are constantly browsing, pushing books into the back of the shelf where they threaten to fall  in between the stacks and vanish into some nether region. Less often patrons leave me gifts, pulling books out and then leaving them anywhere. Sometimes they even take the books to another section of the stacks and leave them there. Or, they might decide to just stick the books into the stacks somewhere, which is how I find books on horse grooming in the religious section. Religion is probably the busiest area: whenever I have time to do some shelf-sorting I start there. Of course, when I find a patron I offer my assistance in helping them find a book. Shelf-sorting has the virtue of being inexhaustible, but I see a great deal of books I’d like to sit down and read. Of course, I can’t do that when I’m supposed to be tidying shelves…

On certain days I help close the library. We are open until six pm most days, and I’m still surprised by the fact that people will come up minutes before closing, even though there’s not enough time for them to do anything before we must ask them to leave. The closing routine is as you might expect: straightening up the staff area, cleaning the desks and surfaces, replenishing supplies, that sort of thing.

So, after a few weeks on the job I’m increasingly comfortable at it and quite happy.

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Blood, Iron, and Gold

Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World
© 2009 Christian Wolmar
376 pages

Outside of the wheel, the railways may be the single most influential form of transportation ever invented by human beings. This is a bold claim, but one encouraged by this excellent and engaging survey of rail transport’s effect on human history. Originating in Britain, railways took the world by storm, crossing continents and knitting the world together with roads of irons. The rails became the backbones of economies, the skeletons on which new nations like Germany and Italy grew; economies were transformed and empires created to the sound of a steam whistle. The modern world is unthinkable without them, and even though the rise of automobiles and aiprlanes may have dimmed our appreciation for them, author Christian Wolmar believes trains are posed to make a well-deserved comeback.

Blood, Iron, and Gold is an ambitious and exciting work, spanning nearly two centuries and covering the birth and evolution of a worldwide transport system, one which leaves virtually no part of human society untouched: in attempting to relay their importance, Wolmar writes on war, politics, food, religion, economics, and industry on almost every continent. Despite the sheer breadth of this narrative, it’s never overwhelming; he succeeds in maintaining a cohesive, fairly tight narrative throughout. While it bounds in fascinating trivia (Spain’s first railways were built not in Spain, but in Cuba: the first transcontinental railroad was constructed by the United States,  but not in north America),  the true value of the book (beyond sheer entertainment value, which for me was through the roof) lays in the perspective it adds to the development of powerful nation-states and industrial economies in the 19th and 20th centuries.  The railways’ integral role in the unification of Germany and Italy has been mentioned, but rails were also part of the fabric of British imperialism. The United Kingdom’s position as a pioneer allowed it to wield an incredible amount of influence over the development of rails across the world, exporting engines, cars, drivers, planners, and even gauge standards; the metric of 4 feet, 8.5 inches is curiously ubiquitous. In Russia, the Trans-Siberian railroad provided an exercise in state planning on a massive scale, one which Wolmar believes influenced succeeding Soviet governments.  Wolmar doesn’t shy away from the negative legacy of railroads — the exploitation of labor to build them, the political corruption surrounding them in the United States, their use as a tool of the state to quickly put down riots — but remains an enthusiastic supporter of the technology, both because of what they’ve done for us, and what they will continue to do. Railroads are our past, he writes, but also our future.

Our past; our future; but not quite our present. At the present moment, cars and planes reign supreme. Wolmar’s history follows rail lines into the 20th century, as they begin losing traffic to their competitors, and examines why they failed to compete more effectively. The long attachment to steam technology is part of the reason, Wolmar believes: not only was this a technology companies were long used to, but one they had an enormous amount of capital already invested in. Diesel and electric engines were new and unproven, and without a guarantee of success, few companies were willing to take the leap of faith that was required of them. Throughout the history and his analyses, Wolmar is delightfully moderate. He scorns neither the free market nor centralization and central planning: nations and rail companies have experimented with both throughout their history with rails, and either alternative might be the best in a given situation. Despite the fact that railway transportation has been in decline — especially tragic in the United States — Wolmar believes that is on the mend. Not only are steadily rising oil prices making cars and airplanes look like an abysmal bargain compared to efficient rail lines,  but decades of increasing car ownership have resulted in unmatched congestion and sprawl; automobiles are increasingly unpopular. These views are not Wolmar’s alone: in the United States, private rail companies are itching to get back into the passenger business, and for the first time in a half-century the cities are growing and the car-dependent surburbs shrinking. As oil becomes increasingly dear,  the human race is rediscovering the value of one of its best inventions.  I live in hope that I will see a rail renaissance in my own lifetime. For now, I shall read this book again and again to experience the triumphs of the past and imagine what future glories await.

Absolutely superb book: exciting, informative, and timely.

Related:
Nothing Like it in the World: The Making of the Transcontinental Railroad, Stephen Ambrose
Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took Over America and How We Can Take it Back, Jane Holtz Keay

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Teaser Tuesday (3 April)

Teaser Tuesday is a weekly book-related event in which we share tidbits from our current reads. Play along at Should Be Reading!

Crossing his arms over his chest in what Tom sensed was feigned annoyance, Cambridge said, “I don’t recall either of you gaining access to my castle in order to destroy my death ray.”
“Yeah, sorry about that,” Harry said without conviction. “Truth is, we got a little…what would you say?” he asked Tom.
“Bored?”
“Bored, right,” Harry agreed. “Feel free to destroy the galaxy whenever the mood strikes you, your lordliness.”

p. 44, Star Trek Voyager: Children of the Storm



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Life Ascending

Life Ascending: the Ten Great Inventions of Evolution
© 2009 Nick Lane
344 pages

For my money, few subjects are as impressive, beautiful, and awe-inspiring as biology and evolution. Is there a greater drama in the cosmos outside the long play of life, its actors emerging epoch by epoch — many vanishing into the darkness once more, but not before leaving their mark upon those that follow them? The thought that the immense and varied mass of life on this earth, so rich as to beggar description, is ultimately unified by common ancestry still staggers me. Earth’s history of life is a parade of ‘endless forms most beautiful’, and in Life Ascending Nick Lane revisits some of the most pivotal moments in evolution history: the origin of life, the development of DNA, and the rises of photosynthesis, complex cells, sex, movement, sight, hot blood, consciousness, and death.

Though I’ve never heard of Lane, he apparently has a strong following in Britain. I can certainly see why. He is easily one of the clearest science communicators I’ve read, using lively examples to illustrate key points, like describing the two different kinds of chlorophyll (both vital parts of photosynthesis) as a grasping miser and a street hustler. One forces water to surrender an electron; the other forces carbon dioxide to accept the same. Lane’s specialty is biochemistry, so he is strongest early on when writing on DNA and photosynthesis; his treatment of topics like consciousness is comparatively lighter, but still raises up interesting questions, and I appreciate an author far more for acknowledging his limitations than attempting to sound authoritative in spite of them. In any given chapter, Lane first explains the significance of a key invention, and then — as current scientific knowledge allows — delves into how it functions and its origins.  He does not necessarily devote equal time to all three sections; in the chapter on movement, for instance, he wastes little time explaining why being able to move is an asset, choosing to devote most of the chapter on how muscles function. Later on, when writing on consciousness, Lane concerns himself with the meaning of consciousness rather than the cause of it, which we don’t fully understand. Lane is thorough in explaining how we came to our current understanding, often working through rival theories before arriving that which currently prevails, or is the most accurate in his view. What I appreciate most about Lane is his ability to break down a topic into its most basic parts, allowing lay readers to arrive at a basic understanding of the subject at hand without being overwhelmed by information — but he’s not so general as to leave us ignorant of the actual facts, beyond generalities that we can’t explain. The weakest section of the book is that of death: Lane doesn’t explain why it is a wonderful invention. He mentions that it is tied to sex, and is thus tangentially important for that reason, but the bulk of the chapter is written on our attempts to find out why we age, with an eye for ‘curing’ it. He doesn’t mention the role that death plays in evolution, which is a curious omission.

The highest praise I can give Lane is that he takes me back to 2006, when I was just starting to realize how incredibly wonderful and interesting science could be. A keeper, certainly, and one to revisit in the future and enjoy again.

Related:
“Be Mine” (Creation, the Universe, and the Evolution of Life set to a Funky Beat). This is a YouTube song about the history of the universe that ends with an unexpected proposal;  the history of life section actually follows this book in part.

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The Obamas
© 2012 Jodi Kantor
368 pages

In 2004, a young state senator from Illinois gave the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. His unusual name wasn’t one anyone knew — until that night. Barack Obama’s address decried polarization as the work of pundits; he stressed the unity of the American people in their belief in  simple dreams, in certain ideals like justice and equality. He called for people to work together, and created a wave of popularity that sent him from obscurity to the White House in just four years. For all his inexperience in high-level politics, Obama had the gift of stirring people into believing in themselves and governance again. But today, the chanting crowds are gone; the radical changes people expected haven’t transpired, and as we enter an election season people are considering Obama anew. The Obamas covers the first three years of the Obama administration, with a particular emphasis on how two people only marginally familiar with the world of D.C. and the trappings and burdens of office struggled to adapt to them, and how Obama’s approach changed as the promises of his candidacy clashed with the realities of political administration.

Some of the appeal in a book like this is admittedly voyeuristic; like many Americans I’ve long been fascinated by the presidency, and the Obama experience is more likely to resonate with the average reader than any other presidency. Unlike the Bushes, Clintons, Reagans, and other families who preceded them, the Obamas had no experience living in the public spotlight, to being doted on by half the population and reviled by the other. The White House is both a residence and a state office, with blurry lines between work and home. Until the president’s astonishingly quick rise to power, the Obamas were a thoroughly middle-class family living in an apartment in Chicago; no governor’s mansion prepared them for the unique experience of state office. Learning the boundaries took time.  The dynamic between the Obamas themselves is a second theme; although Michelle’s familiarity with corrupt Chicago politics had soured her on politics, as First Lady she was expected to take a role in his administration. She turns out to be delightfully strong-willed: if the president and his chief of staff want her to help in the work of the West Wing, it must be useful work, constructive work — not simply filling in whenever they need someone to give a speech or smile for the cameras. Mrs. Obama is a fantastic counterpart to her husband. While she distrusts politics, her years working in the mayoral office of Chicago give her knowledge into how the game of politics is played. By contrast, the president believes in the power of public office but despises the conventions associated with it — opportunistic speeches, glad-handing crowds, photo opportunities with strangers.  He wants to rise above these vulgarities, and comes across as aloof and elitist. The Tea Party is the absolute antithesis to his approach, and its popularity catches him by surprise. Not until the 2010 elections, when they sweep into office, does Obama begin to be schooled in politicking by his wife. Only November will tell if his new, more pragmatic approach will work.

I for one found the work heartening. I was one of those enthralled by Obama as candidate, and disappointed as he entered office. As we approach the 2012 elections, that disappointment has given way to a more moderate appreciation. I’m beginning to realize — like he does, in this novel — that one man can’t change D.C. through sheer strength of will. Although cynicism is tempting, I think it ultimately unrewarding, and I see no reason to see Obama as anything other than a frustrated idealist.  An account like this, which follows the Obama as a couple of ordinary people thrust into the national office,  certainly erodes attempts to villainize him. Its best audience is disappointed Obama supporters: while Kantor doesn’t defend, condemn, or endorse Obama’s record, walking these past three years again in his shoes may ease some misplaced bitterness and grief.

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Children of the Storm

Star Trek Voyager: Children of the Storm
© 2011 Kirsten Beyer
418 pages

In Unworthy, Kirsten Beyer launched the USS Voyager into the Delta Quadrant anew, this time at the head of a fleet of  ships. Their mission: to make sure that the Borg are truly gone, and to smooth over any rough patches Voyager left during its original trip through the quadrant. Thus far,  the mission hasn’t gone as planned: betrayed by its leading admiral,  the fleet stumbled into its initial first contact scenario with disastrous results. Afsarah Eden,  formerly commanding Voyager, has now taken command of the fleet, giving a renewed Chakotay his old seat back. The Voyager crew is restored, their spirits on the mend — but their greatest challenge is ahead of them.

Having blundered into contact with a race known as the Children of the Storm, who have proven a nemesis even to the Borg, Eden, Voyager, and the rest of the fleet must establish peaceful contact with these strange and noncoporeal creatures.  Three ships — Quirinal, Planck,  and Demeter — are soon separated from the rest of the fleet, entrapped by the Children. While their crews struggle to free themselves, Eden is left with a daunting choice: how to find, and if need be rescue, those three ships without risking the rest of her command to needless destruction.

With Children of the Storm, Beyer delivers yet another smashing success to the Voyager Relaunch, a series far superior in print than on television. Characterization remains a strong suite;  Chakotay and Seven are given far more depth than on the show, and Paris and Kim are being seasoned nicely. No longer plucky twenty-somethings barely out of the Academy, the two are accepting greater responsibilities within Starfleet and their own lives. Beyer, having only recently given birth before writing this novel, is clearly enjoying playing with the experience when addressing  Paris, Torres, and their daughter Miral.  Eden, though a comparative stranger,  carries much of the novel and is proving to be an intriguing personality.   However, another character — Liam O’Donnell, the captain of Demeter — completely surprised me. Introduced as a seemingly absent-minded intellectual who only commanded a ship because of its botanical focus,  O’Donnell proves to be a pivotal character in the crisis.

The Children are a baffling mystery: their “ships” are unlike anything the Federation has encountered, and though they can communicate with the Starfleet ships, the familiarity of words is lost in the alienness of their thoughts. Tension builds throughout the novel, and casualties are taken — but the resolution is fantastic, reminding me a bit of the Destiny finale.  Beyer does not disappoint in the least.

Beyer’s Voyager relaunch continues to be excellent, and I know I’m not alone in anticipating its continuation in The Eternal Tide, this summer.

Related:
Voyager Relaunch at TvTropes
Children of the Storm at Memory Alpha
Kirsten Beyer at Memory Alpha

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Teaser Tuesday (27 March)

Teaser Tuesday is a weekly bookish event in which people share tidbits from their current reads. Play along at ShouldBerReading!

“Oh, lord, I am so many things! A scholar, a priest, an eater of cheese, and now I am chaplain to Lord Uhtred, the pagan who slaughters priests. That’s what they tell me. I’d be eternally grateful if you refrained from slaughtering me. May I have a servant, please?”

p. 183, Death of Kings. Bernard Cornwell

All this energy, all our lives, boils down to the juxtaposition of two molecules totally out of equilibrium with one another, hydrogen and oxygen: two opposing bodies that conjoin in blissful molecular union, with a copious discharge of energy, leaving nothing but a small, hot puddle of water.

p. 14, Life Ascending: the Ten Great Inventions of Evolution, Nick Lane
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Death of Kings

Death of Kings
© 2011 Bernard Cornwell
325 pages

Let us sit upon the ground and tell sad stories of the death of kings…

(Richard II, William Shakespeare)

Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, lays on his deathbed. Aged and long infirm,  he has created a legacy to be proud of.  He has united most of the  Saxons under his kingdom, and for decades defended Britain against the expansion of the Danes. But his work is not yet complete; many still live within the realm of the Danish conquerors, and even what unity he has achieved may be destroyed upon his death, as Danish armies use it as an opportunity to resume their expansion. Alfred alone unites the Saxons, but if he dies the various petty kingdoms that Wessex consumed in its rise may break apart again.  Alfred’s son Edward does not command their respect the way Alfred did, however grudgingly, and a weak heir  would threaten  to reverse all of Alfred’s accomplishments. But the dying king has a hope: he has…Uhtred of Bebbanberg, a Saxon prince raised by Danes who nonetheless serves Alfred, a true lord of war whose might and wit have been been the tools with which Alfred created and defended his kingdom. Now, in Alfred’s final hours, he dispatches a final message to Uhtred, calling him to serve his court one more time.  And so Uhtred is called to fight in what may be Wessex’ darkest hour,  and his battle provides another solid contribution to the Saxon stories series.

Death of Kings begins on an unlikely note, with Uhtred being asked to negotiate a peace conference. A chance exists that a Saxon king allied to the Danes may be persuaded to change loyalties, or at the very least refrain from joining the Danes in war against Wessex, and Alfred’s court believes only Uhtred is strong enough to ensure that the king sees reason. Even so, Uhtred is a questionable choice for diplomat; he once killed a priest for insulting his wife, and did so as casually with one blow as we might swat a fly. Tact is a word that Uhtred doesn’t know the meaning of, in either his own Old English or in Danish. But as one might expect from Cornwell, peace is only the calm before the storm. Soon enough the king will die, and Edward will be forced to fight rebellion and outside invasion simultaneously. Worse yet, he may not find the courage to use his strong arm, Uhtred, given that the warlord is hated by the Christians of the royal court for his pride and irreverence. However much the court dislikes Uhtred, he’s a fantastic narrator. That irreverence provides humor in spades, and he has a penchant for drama; his tradition of introducing himself with a speech is maintained in the Death of Kings.  Even more so than Richard Sharpe, Uhtred is earnest. He exults in the joy of life, even in battle.  He sees himself as an actor in a larger drama, but what that story is, he leaves to the fates. While he despises the piety of the priests who make his life at court miserable, Uhtred’s own faith in destiny — his motto, ‘Fate is inexorable’ — give him courage to try fantastic feats in the face of overwhelming odds.   The result is a good read, often as funny as it is thrilling.

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