Conspirata

Conspirata
© 2009/2010 Robert Harris
340 pages

“Until this moment, gentlemen, I did not realize the extent to which there were two conspiracies I had to fight. There was the conspiracy which I destroyed, and then there was the conspiracy behind that conspiracy — and that inner one prospers still. Look around you, Romans, and you can see how well it prospers!”

Imperium and Pompeii sold me on Robert Harris as an author, and I anticipated with eagerness Imperium’s sequel, the second part of his biographical trilogy of Marcus Tullius Cicero. The sequel (Lustrum‘s) release in America was delayed for three months, after which time it arrived as Conspirata. Imperium ended with Cicero’s rise to the consulship (63 BC), the highest office in Rome. He earns the office not through family ties or money, but through sheer political prowess and oratorical might. He will need both to survive in late Republican Rome — in a time  of political crisis and turmoil. The dispossessed, hungry, and desperate masses view the violent would-be revolutionary Catalina as their savior.  Cicero and Catalina are bitter rivals, and their machinations against the other dominate the initial two-thirds of the book. Catalina’s desire to overthrow the Republic is personal for Cicero, and not just because of the latter’s adoration for tradition and Roman virtue:  Catalina has sworn to murder Cicero, and inspires his supporters to hate our subject. In spite of popular hatred, Cicero is determined to maintain the rule of law against the threat of violence.

Although Catalina is the most direct and obvious threat, Cicero will find that he is not the only threat. The revolutionary is flanked by the young and ambitious Julius Caesar, whose own adeptness at the game of politicians is startling. Supporting the both of them is Crassus, the robber-baron and king-maker of his day:  Crassus, whose vast wealth can buy him everything but the glory he seeks, is willing to do whatever it takes to make a public name for himself. Looming in the distance is Pompey, whose opinion of himself after the destruction of Rome’s foreign enemies is so great that he refers to himself as “the Great”.  The legendary general commands the respect of all: his own ambition to rule the world is thwarted only by the equal ambition of Caesar and Crassus. What unites these men is their lust for glory and power — and standing against them are men like the pragmatic Cicero and the puritanically idealistic Cato. In this novel’s  five year span (known as a lustrum), Cicero’s star will rise to glory despite the odds — but against such powerfully arrayed forces, it may not long shine.

Conspirata is a first-rate political thriller, one that invokes the tension between idealism and pragmatism as well as the on-going fight between the haves and the have nots. Cicero emerges as a sympathetic character even as he is partially corrupted by his own success, largely because those he stands against are such scoundrels. The very nature of politics emerges through the various political fights here, as they both its idealism and its tendency toward corruption for both noble and ignoble purposes. The struggle between the optimates and populares intrigues me, largely because it continues today, giving Rome’s political dramas steadfast relevance. Harris has triumphed here.

Related:

  • Steven Saylor’s Catalina’s Riddle, which has the main character give shelter to Cataline during the power struggle. 
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Letter from the Birmingham Jail

Letter from the Birmingham Jail
© 1963 Martin Luther King Jr.
35 pages

Don’t say it can’t be done:
The battle’s just begun
Take it from Doctor King,
You too can learn to sing,
So — drop the gun!
(Pete Seeger, “Take It From Doctor King“)

Despite his impact on my own local and national history, until recent years Martin Luther King Jr. has been but another of history’s many characters. Somewhere between reading Henry David Thoreau and Howard Zinn, however, he lept from the pages of books and became a personality for me to reckon with. Dr. King penned the letter from his Birmingham jail cell after being arrested for civil disobedience, part of an extended campaign on the part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and other groups to force tradition-bound states like Alabama and Georgia to confront the illegal and inhumane practice of segregation. The letter is a response to his critics, who question the appropriateness and usefulness of his campaign.

Although maintaining that ordinarily he would never respond at length to his critics — for there were many, — the monotony of his life in prison affords him the opportunity and makes the process seem much more appealing, giving him something to keep his mind busy. After responding to claims that the nonviolent movement is too extreme or provocative, King expresses his own concerns — lamenting the apathy and impotence of the church, which has turned away from what he sees as Jesus’ mandate for social justice in favor of worshiping tradition. He addresses the spirit of conservative moderation in general, criticizing its impotence while affirming that justice must take precedence before legalism.

Letter is a marvel, masterfully written. It contains much, despite the few pages. Although written in response to particular social circumstances, King’s passion and opinions are still applicable today.Additionally, the letter is a valuable piece of history, explaining the need for and the application of nonviolent activism.  Although I do not share Dr. King’s religious beliefs, I admire the ends which they serve. His endearing humility and passion for both humanity and our most noble aspirations make him one of the titans of progressive Christianity and a champion of the human spirit.

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This Week at the Library (17/3)

This week at the library:

It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes! proved a breezy but interesting read, containing some forty essays on the world above — the sky and both the celestial and earth-bound bodies that inhabit it. The essays cover not only weather, but biology and astronomy as well.

The Ethics of Star Trek first illustrates and examines the scope of Western ethical philosophy through Star Trek episodes that are directly or indirectly influenced by them. Author Judith Barad then attempts to sort out which ideas most predominate the series. As both a Trekkie and an aspiring student of practiced philosophy, I found the book interesting if not wholly fulfilling.

Lastly, I enjoyed Frances’ Gies biography of Joan of Arc, a thorough and entertaining read that lives up to the high expectations I have for Gies’ work.

Quotation of the Week:
“[P]ope Pius II thought that the French were superstitious, which suggests that superstition, like venereal disease and sexual deviation, is always the attribute of another nationality.” – 145, Joan of Arc: the Legend and the Reality


I laughed well at this. It’s easy to accuse and even write people off as being superstitious, ignoring our own beliefs and assumptions. For instance, my brain is under the impression that if I hit the “Shift” key repeatedly while playing a certain video game, things will go my way. I always feel like one of Skinner’s pigeons when my finger itches to start tapping the key.


Upcoming Reads:

  • Letters from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr.
  • The Road to Wigan Pier, George Orwell. This I’m reading for class: I bought a copy used off of Amazon that was originally sold as a 75 cent paperback back when the US still had a socialist labor movement, so it’s endearing already.(I like old books, especially the dainty ones that demand I take care of them.)
  • The Bhagavad Gita, translated by Stephen Miller. My religious/cultural literacy effort has not yet touched Hinduism: the subject is so vast I’ve been inclined to tread more familiar territory. Still, it’s so influential that I can’t avoid it forever. I figure it’s fitting to begin with the most well-known Hindu text. 
  • I also have a small mound of books about medieval and Renaissance science, since I’m going to be writing a paper on Renaissance science in the coming weeks. Some I may read properly, although I suspect I’ll mostly be scanning them for notes. 
  • There are other books in the air, particularly one novel I devoutly want to read but know I should ignore in favor of school-related books. 
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Joan of Arc: the Legend and the Reality

Joan of Arc: the Legend and the Reality
© 1959 Frances Gies
306 pages

Few historical characters, and no women, are more famous than Joan of Arc. Her name and story are known throughout the world. In the Middle Ages there were women to led armies, female mystics who prophesied and gave advice, and men and women alike whose beliefs led them to the stake. Joan’s story has a unique quality, a fairy tale with a tragic ending, invested with her own personality — her common sense, her trenchant speech, her indomitable courage, before the judges of Rouen as in the moat at Orleans. (259)

Joan of Arc has long fascinated me, beginning when I read about her in my seventh-grade world history book. A girl of fourteen, leading the French army to victory and ending a century-long war? She remains of interest to me, and so when in the course of hunting my next Gies read I saw Joan of Arc,  of course I wanted to read it. Frances and her husband Joseph Gies are both medieval historians who collaborated on a series of “Daily Life in the Medieval Ages” books,  but each have their pet interests. As is characteristic of the Gies, Joan of Arc is both readable and thorough.  Details abound, but Gies sets those details within the larger context . She explains the course of the war to that point — now dominated more by the civil war betweens the houses of Orleans and Burgundy than by English territorial ambitions — and smartly gives the reader background on aspects of French medieval culture  that are pertinent to the biography.

Gies draws on many primary and secondary sources, which she identifies and analyzes at the book’s outset.  These sources sometimes conflict, especially when judging Joan’s character and integrity. Some of the sources are biased to the point of being farcical, providing a laugh here and there.  Although Gies is sometimes protective of her subject, she makes a strong effort to portray a less romanticized Joan — a human hero.  The book does not end with Joan’s death or even the Rehabilitation trial that followed it twenty years later, overturning the English sentence that she was a heretical witch who deserved her fate at the stake:  instead, Gies examines the ways Joan has been received as history has progressed. This historiography of Joan does not extend far past the late 19th century, though: no mention is given of Joan’s use in the propaganda war between the Vichy government of occupied France and the Resistance.

All told, Joan of Arc is certainly a worthy read for those interested in her life, although I would recommend reading it alongside a history of the Hundred Years War. (I would recommend Desmond Seward’s  treatment of the war, having used it for several term papers.)

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The Ethics of Star Trek

The Ethics of Star Trek
© 2000 Judith Barad with Ed Robertson
368 pages

Captain Picard: There is perhaps no greater challenge than the study of philosophy.
Wesley Crusher: William James won’t be on my Starfleet exams.
Picard: The important things will never be. (“Samaritan Snare”)

Star Trek is perhaps the most philosophically edifying series of television shows that I’ve ever watched. Without question it’s shaped my own world-view, and I’m no stranger to trying to explain philosophy through examples from the show. Thus, The Ethics of Star Trek immediately appealed to me. Essentially, author Judith Barad takes the reader through the long history of Western ethical philosophy, beginning with Socrates and ending with the Existentialists, illustrating competing ideas through Star Trek episodes, examining them for their worth. This philosophical journey occupies the majority of the book and served as an introduction to men like Kant, whom I’m not familiar with.

Each topical chapter draws from at least two Star Trek episodes, using them as case-studies. A few episodes do double-duty. Some Trek episodes explicitly addressed philosophical ideas, especially in the original series: in later shows, the ideas must be gleaned out. The human and Vulcan Starfleet crews are not the only subject of Barad’s interest: she also explores the Klingons, Ferengi, Malon, Borg, and more. Bajorans in particular enjoy a lengthy period in the spot-light, having the only explicitly religious culture seen on a regular basis.

In part five, Barath attempts to arrive at come conclusion in figuring out what philosophy of ethics most amply covers Star Trek‘s then-four television shows and movies. Her conclusion is that with the exception of Voyager, each series pays homage to a particular philosophy, but that all of the series can be unified under a coherent ethical tapestry.

Although the topic is endlessly fascinating for me and I enjoyed the book in a general manner, I must confess to being a bit disappointed. Perhaps my expectations were too high, but parts of the Star Trek legacy seem ignored. Gene Roddenberry’s Humanism, for instance, is conspicuously absent. The author gives a passing mention in the introduction, promising to look for it, but never does. Star Trek may have grown less active in its championing of those ideals as it aged, but that idealism can’t be ignored in the first two shows*. Overall, I suspect I may remember this book more for reminding me of some of Star Trek’s most interesting shows and the introduction to various philosophies than for its ending conclusion.

*It seems to me that the more Star Trek ages, the more it is robbed of its idealism. I saw little of it in Enterprise, for instance, and not a trace of it in the newest movie.This is a shame, given that the franchise’s core fanbase is composed of the idealists. It is they who have keep the flame alive. People can get science fiction anywhere, but Trek’s stubborn idealism is hard to come by.

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Teaser Tuesday (16-3)

‘Tis Tuesday. Let us be Teased, from Should Be Reading
According to a story told by the priest who became Joan’s confessor, as she crossed the bridge, a mounted soldier among the crowd called out, “Isn’t that the Maid?” and with an oath declared that if he had her for a night she would no longer be a maid. Joan replied, “Ah, you take God’s name in vain, and you are so close to death.” Within the hour, the man fell into the moat and drowned. 

Joan of Arc: the Legend and the Reality, from page 46. Author is Frances Gies.

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It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes!

It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes: Four Seasons of Natural Phenomena and Oddities of the Sky
© 1992 Jerry Dennis; illustrations by Glenn Wolff
323 pages

It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes is a collection of nearly forty essays on the many mysteious of the heavens. While I initially thought this to be a book of weather, auther Jerry Dennis covers the sky in total — writing essays on the animals that soar through it and the natural and artificial bodies that inhabit it.The essays are divided seasonally, each season starting with an introductory essays. Essays regarding year-round occurances, like eclipses, are sorted into summer. Dennis’ essays should be quite lucid to any reading level: I imagine I could’ve read this as a child, provided I had the patience. Most of the essays were fascinating to me, and they covered a wide range of topics — migratory patterns,  mating rituals, the magnificent fury and beauty of natural weather systems, animal sensitivity to environmental changes, fog, and much more. I’d reccommend this as a breezy and interesting read to lay readers.

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This Week at the Library (10-3)

American Infidel is a biography of Robert G. Ingersoll, one which places slight emphasis on his career as a “secular preacher”, one who railed against the abuses of organized religion while promoting liberty and humanism.  The biography is thorough, presenting a rich view of his life.

Murder at the ABA is one of Isaac Asimov’s few straight mysteries. Unusually, Asimov himself is a primary character, helping protagonist and narrator Darius Just find out if the death of a mutual acquaintence was an accident or murder. The result is a humorous whodunit.

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court is a 1889 fantasy story in which a proud believer in the American ideal is transported to the sixth century, where he puts his “Yankee ingenuity” and knowledge as a machinist to work, attempting to build the 19th century from the bones of Dark-Age England.  The book is not only a fantasy story, but an attack on the romanticized medieval world and a slight commentary on the 19th’ own views of progress.

Hitler’s War, first in a new series by Harry Turtledove, is a straightforward “What if? story with two points of derivation from reality, one of which sees World War 2 beginning at the 1938 Munich Conference. The book’s ending plot twist guarantees that I’ll be reading the second novel.

The Archie Americana — Best of the Fifties two-volume set collects forty Archie Comics stories from the 1950s. The books’ portrayal of the fifties is largley limited to clothing fashions and slang, with the occassional story about Elvis or the Beats.

Potatoes are Cheaper by Max Shulman uses the classic formula of a love triangle to present a comedic novel. Although these stories can  be somewhat tragic,  the lead character of Marty Katz doesn’t necessarily command the reader’s sympathy. This is a hilarious story all the same.

Pick of the Week:  American Infidel or Murder at the ABA.
Quotation of the Week:
“It was useless to argue with her. Arguments have no chance against petrified training: they wear it as little as the waves wear a cliff.” (p. 87, Connecticut Yankee)
Next Week:

  • It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes by Jerry Dennis  amounts to a collection of essays about curious weather phenomena.  
  • The Human Zoo, Desmond Morris. I’ve been nibbling at this one for weeks, but never really diving in. 
  • The Ethics of Star Trek, Judith Barad and Ed Robinson. The book uses episodes with pointed philosophical themes alongside more conventional philosophical works (Plato’s Republic, The Nicomachean Ethics) to tackle ethics, exploring the ideas of justice, personal virtue, and morality. 

It’s also time to dive into more term paper research, so I’ll probably be reading about medieval/renaissance science and submarine warfare in the next month or so.

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Potatoes are Cheaper

Potatoes are Cheaper
© Max Shulman 1971
235 pages

Potatoes are cheaper
Tomatoes are cheaper
Now’s the time
To fall in love



Photobucket
The dearest book in my private library is not a groundshaking or even remotely serious: it is rather a collection of humorous short stories entitled The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.  I came upon it completely by accident, my high-school librarian  giving it to me in the midst of her annual shelf-clearing. It’s easily the funniest and most charming book I’ve ever read: I would chance fire to rescue it from a burning house, and I would buy another book off the internet blindly to read more from the same author because of its effect on me. That’s how I came to read Potatoes are Cheaper.
In the midst of the Great Depression, Marty Katz and his cousin Albert have just come up with a brilliant way to escape poverty: they’ll head for college to find and woo homely rich girls. The girls have to be Jewish of course, since Marty and Albert’s mothers are. While the boys might not object to marrying a “shiksa”, their mothers would never tolerate it. Determined to debunk the myth that ‘Jewish girls don’t put out’, each boy soon has his mark, Marty’s being the only heir of a theater magnate. Marty commissions poetry from his cousin “Crip” in order to woo young Celeste Zimmerman in hopes of marrying her lovely stacks of money. This Crip is only too happy to do, for he lives vicariously through the romantic triumphs of his cousin.

If Katz’s uphill battle against winning the tolerance of Celeste’s father  wasn’t enough, Celeste happily forwarded one of Crip’s love poems — signed under Marty’s name — to a school literary journal, where it catches the eye of one Bridget O’Flynn. Bridget is very lovely, and very much smitten by Katz and “his” poem. Although Katz would readily take advantage of the situation, ever willing having a little fun before returning to the war for Celeste and her father’s heart,  Bridget has an unexpected effect on young Marty. She’s captured his heart.  Thus Marty must choose between two women, each with enjoyable ‘assets’. His mother and cousin think him daft for wanting to choose love over easy money, especially given that his status as a “poet” is fraudulent. It’s a a comic love triangle, one that might be sometimes tragic if Marty weren’t such a boor.

Tomatoes are Cheaper was a enjoyable read: wildly funny, of course, sometimes bawdily so. It’s not Dobie Gillis, but definitely a book I’ll return to for laughs in the future.

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Teaser Tuesday (9-3)

It’s Tuesday again, and time for teasing. As ever, this meme’s home is Should Be Reading.

“What major are you most interested in?”
“What’s the easiest?” I said.
“Home economics,” he said.
“What’s the next easiest?” I said.
“It’s between sociology and library science,” he said. “To my certain knowledge nobody has ever flunked either.”
“Which one got the most girls in it?” I asked.

p. 28-29 Tomatoes are Cheaper, by Max Shulman. When planning a college career, one should have goals in mind.

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