An Open Heart

An Open Heart: Practicing Compassion in Everyday Life
© 2001 the XIV Dalai Lama
191 pages

Because I enjoyed The Art of Happiness so much, I decided to continue reading the Dalai Lama’s thoughts. An Open Heart is considerably more short than The Art of Happiness, but its singular topic is much more narrow. The book repeated a lot of what was in The Art of Happiness, but this book is different in that it focuses more on ideas to meditate on to cultivate feelings of compassion for everyone. He combines the material from The Art of Happiness and these meditative techniques with explainations of Budhhist concepts like karma, no-self, and reincarnation and of how they apply to what he is teaching. I had a fairly simplistic understanding of karma (what goes around comes around), but the idea he espouses is more severe. If you steal, he says, not only will you suffer the consequences in this world, but when you are reborn you will be reborn lower and will have to fight a greater urge to deal while being stolen from. I imagine if you steal again you’ll be reborn lower and will have a still greater urge to steal, which to me sounds like a negative feedback loop. I still don’t see how the idea of “no soul” works with reincarnation. What exactly is being “reincarnated”?

It was an interesting read, but inferior to The Art of Happiness from my view.

Posted in Reviews | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

The Wordy Shipmates

The Wordy Shipmates
© Sarah Vowell 2008
254 pages

I am a regular listener of NPR’s This American Life, and one episode a couple of years ago called “What I Learned From Television” featured an author named Sarah Vowell commenting on the late CBS show Thanks, which attempted to portray — in sitcom format — a Puritan family. Vowell also managed to comment on the contemporary United States, much to the laughter and embarrassment of the live audience she was addressing. I liked her enough to read one of her books (Assassination Vacation), but The Wordy Shipmates — about the same subject she addressed in that show — had then not yet been released. I decided to give the book a ago this bring break.

The book is actually similar to Vowell’s spot on This American Life. Vowell tells us the story of John Winthrop and the early years of his Massachusetts Bay colony: their commitment to build a shining city on a hill, their struggles settling, Winthrop’s personality conflict with Roger Williams, his role in the Pequot war, and so on. While relating the story of the Puritans who settled with Winthrop, she connects what she writes to the contemporary United States and throws in a bit of a travel diary as well. The book was quite enjoyable.

Posted in Reviews | Tagged , | Leave a comment

This Week at the Library (16/3)

Books this Update

  • Frank Sinatra: An American Legend, Nancy Sinatra
  • The Sun Shines Bright, Isaac Asimov
  • The Art of Happiness, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama
  • Enigma, Robert Harris
  • I to Myself, Henry David Thoreau

Friday the 13th began spring break at my university, and subsequently I will be away from the computer for a little over a week. While I will have intermittent Internet access, the every-other-day or so posting I typically do will probably not be possible. When I am able to post my comments, they will be backdated slightly. I am also unsure as to which books I will actually be reading this next week, so next week you may be in for a surprise.

I began with a biography of Frank Sinatra, although Frank Sinatra: An American Legend is not a biography in the traditional sense. It is more of a timeline with commentary and pictures — a great deal of pictures, as a matter of fact. The book, compared to the other biographies I’ve read, offers a pretty fair depiction of Sinatra’s many faces although — being his daughter — Nancy Sinatra doesn’t really address his negative side.

Next I read The Sun Shines Bright, a collection of science essays by Isaac Asimov. The essays cover a variety of scientific topics, although about half relate to astronomy or physics in some way. Outside of those topics, Asimov also writes on demographics, the scientific method, and the possibilities of cloning. His style is enjoyable.

I returned to philosophy with The Art of Happiness by the 14th Dalai Lama. The Art of Happiness is a dialogue between himself and a psychiatrist based in Arizona, the book being written from the psychiatrist’s point of view. The book begins with the simple assertion that all human beings seek and deserve happiness and that it is perfectly within our grasp if only we are willing to practice and learn patience, tolerance, compassion, and mental disicpline. Along the way the Dalai Lama explores romance, suffering, anger, difficult people, and spiritual practices in general. I found the book to be excellent. It is mostly free from religious constructions like karma and reincarnation (although he does mention both once or twice). The book is wholly practical and very much based on reason and empathy. Although I may not agree with some of his opinions (that human beings are basically good, for instance), I found much to reccommend this book to anyone who is serious about personal growth.

After the science and philosophy I engaged myself in a little light reading in Robert Harris’ Enigma, a novel set in the darker days of World War 2. Our main character is Tom Jericho, a mathematician in the employ of the British government. His job is to help crack the Enigma code used to protect U-boat transmissions — a code that may mean the difference between the Allies losing or winning the war. While Jericho and his comrades worry themselves over this, Jericho also has to deal with the loss of an old flame — who may just be a Nazi spy. It was fairly enjoyable, although not nearly as much as his Roman books.

I ended the week by finishing I to Myself, selections from the journal of Henry David Thoreau. The selections are organized by decade and year and track the life of an uncommon man as he ages in a time of great change. Throughout this change — industrialization’s first impact upon America — Thoreau holds himself to higher truths and purposes. He is above petty things like society and organized religion and prefers to spend his time strolling through the woods, reflecting on the beauty of life and helping his neighbors intermittently. He is a private man — or so the journal makes him out to be — so reading the book felt like infringing upon his privacy. The book was quite helpful in understanding the man and gave me food for thought as well.

Pick of the Week: Thoreau would have won easily in an ordinary week, but this week he was competing with the Dalai Lama. The Art of Happiness deserves my unqualified reccommendation.

Quotation of the Week: In my journal I have quotations from Frank Sinatra, Isaac Asimov, Henry David Thoreau, and the Dalai Lama: all gleaned from this week’s reading. Because there is so much from which to choose, I shall go with the shortest and simplest: “Be resolutely and faithfully what you are; be humbly what you aspire to be.” – Henry David Thoreau

Potentials for Next Weekish:

  • Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis. A request from a friend.
  • Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal, Joe Nickell. Nickell is a frequent guest of the skeptical podcast Point of Inquiry.
  • Archangel, Robert Harris
  • The Wordy Shipmates, Sarah Vowell.
  • Here If You Need Me: A True Story, Kate Braestrup
  • The Naked Sun, Isaac Asimov
  • The Associate, John Grisham

If you think that’s a little too much for one week, I remind you that I will be without television or internet distractions and largely away from school until the 22nd. Potential distractors include German and and sociology work.

Posted in Reviews | Tagged | Leave a comment

I to Myself

I to Myself: An Annotated Selection from the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau
© 2007 editor Jeffrey Cramer
429 pages

I’ve known the name Henry David Thoreau since high school, when I gazed up at Walden. I did not read from him, however, until this past summer when I read On Civil Disobedience, which I found to be thought-provoking. I decided to read a little more of Thoreau this week and went with annotated selections from his journal. The actual collection of journals spans fourteen volumes, according to the editor of this book, which is quite impressive. Although Thoreau begins the book as a twenty year old, his thoughts are much different from the thoughts I wrote in my own journals at that age. His thoughts and how he expresses them are deeper and more eloquent than any others I have read or can imagine reading. I imagine this is a result of a more literary society.

The selections from his journal are organized by year, and comments by the editor on every page explain allusions Thoreau is making or add more detail. The editor was thorough enough to include reproductions of drawings Thoreau made in his journals. The character who rises from these pages is interesting: the editor comments that he is a man of contradictions. He writes to himself that the value of our thought-life is more valuable than the value of our emotional life, as emotional states are transitory — yet he exults reason and scoffs at science. His distaste for science especially emerges in his forties. Thoreau is often a man alone: he seems to spend the majority of his time outside in the woods, walking and contemplating life. He cares little for company on this walks, although he does seem to admit it in small amounts once he returns. Money seems to be of secondary importance: every so often he will reference doing building work for someone, or surveying land, but the Thoreau in this book is a man of the wilderness. I can see him in my mind’s eye, his hands clasped behind his back, strolling through the woods with a funny gait and a curious expression on his face. Here is a man who spends a lot of time in thought, but who doesn’t hesitate to fold his arms into a shape resembling that of a chicken’s so that he may more properly imitate a bird call when he is vocalizing.

Through Thoreau’s life, we can see life changing. Railroads intrude into the woodlands: men wielding axes approach Walden Pond, his sanctuary. The great tide of immigration from Europe will sweep through Concord: he often mentions Irish immigrants. Although these things trouble him, he seems to rise above them, taking heart in thoughts of greater truths. “There is nowhere any apology for despondency,” he comments, “[As] always there is life which rightfully lived implies a divine satisfaction.” Religion, like society, is of little concern to him. Although he seems to see religious philosophy of all kinds as divinely inspired, he heaps contempt among preachers and organized religion. At a younger point than that, he comments that “I do not prefer one religion or philosophy to another. I have no sympathy with the bigotry and ignorance with make transient and partial and puerile distinctions between one man’s faith or form of faith and another’s. […] I pray to be delivered from narrowness, partiality, exaggeration, bigotry. To the philosopher, all sects, all nations, are alike.”

The book was quite a read. Thoreau is an interesting character to contemplate, and I do believe this annotated selection helped me to get a better feel for who he was — as well as providing me with a few quotations. I will end this entry with a prayer Thoreau wrote down.

“May I go to my slumbers as if expecting to arise to a new and more perfect day. May I so live and refine my life as fitting myself for a society ever higher than I actually enjoy. May I treat myself as tenderly as I would treat the most innocent child whom I love; may I treat children and my friends as my newly-discovered self. Let me never go in search of myself; never for a moment think I have found myself; be a stranger to myself; never a familiar, seeking acquaintance still.”

Posted in Reviews | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

Enigma

Enigma
© 1995 Robert Harris
320 pages

Publishers are fond of affixing swastikas to book covers when they involve Nazi Germany in any way. Enigma is one such book, as it is a historical action-mystery story set in the grim days of 1942 when U-boat wolf packs patrolled the waters of the Atlantic, destroying convoys of supplies bound for the British isles. In Britain, groups of men are assigned to crack the cipher code that the Nazi government uses to protect its transmissions to and from the U-boats. Being able to crack the code will give the Allies a tool they need to stay alive. Tom Jericho, the central character of Enigma, is one of those men. With a photographic memory and a mind for mathematics, Jericho is an important asset of the British armed forces, but the stress of his job recently led to fainting spells. The abrupt ending of his relationship with a mysterious and attractive woman working in the same area as he does not help.

The book begins with Jericho’s return to the project. He attempts to pick up the pieces of his old life, but finds that increasingly hard to do. The victories he once earned have been overturned and his old flame is impossible to find. A series of convoys from the United States make the issue of cracking the U-boat codes a necessity, but Jericho discovers evidence that may prove his old flame a German spy. Such is the story that Harris tells. I found it moderately enjoyable, although not nearly as much as other books I’ve read by him. That may have something to do with the math-centered plot. At any rate, it has not dulled my enthusiasm for Harris, and I look forward to reading whatever else he’s written.

Posted in historical fiction, Reviews | Tagged , , , , | 3 Comments

The Art of Happiness

While poking my nose in the religious philosophy section of my university library, I spotted a book with an interesting title. Seeing that it was by the (fourteenth) Dalai Lama, I decided to see what it was about beyond the title. The book is a dialogue between the Dalai Lama and a psychiatrist who is interested in the Lama’s thoughts on happiness. Happiness, says the Dalai Lama, is the desire of every human being and our right. (“I believe that the very purpose of our life is to seek happiness. That is clear. Whether one believes in religion or not, whether one believes in this religion or that religion, we are all seeking something better than life.”) He believes that happiness is attainable through the practices of compassion, patience, tolerance, and mental discipline. Happiness, reports Howard Cutler — the psychiatrist — is determined more by one’s state of mind than by external events.

The above is a very rude summation of what is a very enjoyable book. The pair begin by exploring what it means to be happy: examining elements and practices of our lives that supposedly bring happiness. According to the Dalai Lama, happiness is a consequence of pursuing activities and emotions that lead to it — compassion being one of those — and avoiding activities that detract from it. Hate is an example of the latter. He believes that human nature is essentially good, and negative emotions and actions result from our search for love are thwarted. (This is one of the points where I disagree with him, although I do believe basic behaviors like compassion that we call “good” are the kind that result in joy and contentment, regardless of one’s cultural upbringing.) In some ways, his philosophy reminds me of Stoicism.

After addressing happiness and its source (love through compassion), he addresses human relationships and explores the various kinds of love that we feel for one another. Here he comments on romance. In the next chapter, he addresses various aspects of suffering. He draws a distinction between physical pain induced by nerves and suffering, which he sees as the mental side of physical and emotional pain. Hatred is seen as suffering in his view. He then addresses obstacles: how they can be put to use and how they can be overcome. The last chapter consists of reflections on spirituality, which he separates from religion. In his opinion, most of the world is nonreligious: only two billion people, in his estimation, actually practice spirituality. For the rest, religion is just part of their cultural background and it does very little for them.

I enjoyed the book tremendously. The Dalai Lama does not bother with religious concepts: only once does he mention reincarnation. His focus is not on ritual and religion but on the art of living every day in the pursuit of happiness. (I should note that he uses “pleasure” to refer to fleeting enjoyment and “happiness” for steady enjoyment: I personally use “happiness” to refer to fleeting enjoyment and “joy” for the latter.) When I read his comments on spirituality — how he describes the practice of being compassionate, tolerant, patient, and so forth — I cannot help but think of Anne Frank, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Robert Ingersoll, and others who have taught me through their words. As Frank noted, “We all live with the objective of being happy; our lives are all different and yet the same.” This, not religion, is the focus of the book. I found his advice to be quite useful and will share a few quotations from him on my philosophy/humanities blog. I very much recommend it.

Posted in Reviews | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

The Sun Shines Bright

The Sun Shines Bright
© 1981 Isaac Asimov
250 pages

It’s been a while since I’ve treated myself to a little Asimov. I’ve purposely held back on my Asimov reading given how much of it is science fiction and I don’t want my posts labeled “science fiction” to surpass those labeled “History”. It’s a trivial thing, admittedly, but it doesn’t seem proper for my history reading to be taken over by any other kind — except for philosophy or science. This book is a compilation of scientific essays penned on a variety of topics and categorized into the following sets: “The Sun”, “The Stars”, “The Planets”, “The Moon”, “The Elements”, “The Cell”, “The Scientists”, and finally “The People”. His essays range from the discovery of uranium, the idea of cloning, and neutrinos to the scientific method. He begins each essay rather informally, working his way to the subject of his essays within a few paragraphs. Some topics interested me more than others: his essays on the viability of altruistic behaviors, or comments on the various secret weapons of history interested me more than neutrinos. This was enjoyable over all, although given the date in which the essays were generally published — the late 1970s — I imagine some of the information is dated.

Posted in Reviews, science | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

Frank Sinatra: An American Legend

Frank Sinatra: An American Legend
© Nancy Sinatra 1995
368 pages

Those who know me well know my fondness for Frank Sinatra — not only his music, but his life. He was to me an inspiration when I was very much in need of being inspired. His sheer willfullness and self-confidence — created out of nothing, but creating an icon — helped me then, and I enjoy reading Sinatra biographies. This is not a biography in the usual sense: there is no connected narrative. His daughter Nancy simply begins with his grandparents’ arrival in the United States and moves through the course of his life in a series of short entries. She refers to him variously as “Frank Sinatra”, “Dad”, and “FS“. I assume this is to avoid potential motony. For instance:

 

December 2, 1948: Dad staged a return engagment on Spotlight Review.
December 1948: FS confided in Manie Sacks, his friend and mentor at Columbia Records, that so many things were going wrong that he flet like he was all washed up. Sacks replied that life is cylical, and that he was too talented not to b ounce back. ‘In a few years’, he said, ‘You’ll be on top again.’
January 1949: The Downbeat poll listed Frank Sinatra as number five among male singers — his first rating below the top three spots since the thirties.

The entries are framed by pictures on each page, and they are presented well. Sometimes she sets off a page or a paragraph in a box to write about a particular issue, such as his changing politics and so on. Given how many biographies I’ve read of Sinatra, the information here was not that new to me, but the pictures were quite enjoyable and I was able to extract a few quotations. One in particular comes from an essay he submitted:

Why do innocent children still grow up to be despised? Why do haters’ jokes still get big laughs when passed in whispers from scum to scum? You know the ones I mean — the ‘Some of my best friends are Jewish’ crowd. As for the others, those cross-burning bigots to whom mental slavery is alive and well, I don’t envy their trials in the next life. *[…]
I do claim enough street smarts to know that hatred is a disease — a disease in the body of freedom, eating its way from the inside out, infecting those who come in contact with it, killing the dreams and hopes of millions of innocent with words, as surely as if they were bullets.
Take a minute. Consider what we are doing to each other as we rob friends and strangers of dignity as well as equality. For if we don’t come to grips with the killer disease of hatred, of bigotry and racism, pretty soon we will destroy from within this blessed Nation.”

Having grown up in a region with neighborhoods divided by religiosity and ethnicity, Sinatra was especially passionate about tolerance and equality. There’s really not all that much to say about the book: it does provide a wealth of pictures and would give a first-timer an impression of Sinatra’s life, but the information was not new to me.

Posted in Reviews | Tagged , , | 2 Comments

This Week at the Library (9/3)

Books this Update:

  • Lost on Planet China, J. Maarten Troost
  • The Compleat Gentleman, Brad Miner
  • Desire of the Everlasting Hills, Thomas Cahill
  • Evolution for Everyone, David Sloan Wilson
  • Pompeii, Robert Harris

I began this week with a travelogue by J. Maarten Troost, who humorously describes his adventures in China. Maarten, upon hearing repeatedly that China is “the future” and upon witnessing signs that China has changed from the China of his youth and is still changing, decides to visit the Middle Kingdom. In between accounts of stumbling over dead pigs in the street, visiting Tibetan monasteries, and haggling with Chinese merchants for the “real” price of everything from sex to Little Red Books, Troost reveals a China still establishing its own identity, but seemingly copying the United States in its unrestrained embrace of materialism. The book is quite funny.

Next I read a recommendation from a friend in The Compleat Gentleman by Brad Miner. The book purports to be an examination of the historical roots of chivalry as well as thoughts for how to apply it to the lives of men — and that’s men with an XY — in the modern era. The book strikes me as being overly romantic and self-congratulatory, and the code of honor promoted to be hypocritical. I did not enjoy the read.

I then continued in Thomas Cahill’s “Hinges of History” series with Desire of the Everlasting Hills, a book examining “the world before and after Jesus”. Cahill begins in the age of Alexander, exploring the absorption of Judea into the Hellenic and Roman empires and its consequences. We see Judaism growing, splitting into various traditions. Although Cahill does not comment on Greek philosophy’s effect on Judaism here, he did in Mysteries of the Middle Ages. The book is not a stern chronology: Cahill explores the way Jesus was perceived by different people at different periods in the sect’s growth, and consequently does portray a picture of the evolving church, but it is not a staid history. It’s more personal than that, and this is Cahill’s gift: he knows how to connect the reader to the lives of his subjects. While I enjoyed the first five-sixths of the book, the remainder — the lasting effects of Jesus — seems as forced as The Gifts of the Jews did. He maintains his integrity for the most part, though.

Moving from history and religious philosophy to science, I read Evolution for Everyone, in which author David Sloan Wilson states that evolution ought not be to seen as controversial or difficult to learn. The problem in his view is not that evolution is not accepted, but that it is not acted on by people who study various aspects of humanity. He quickly and effectively explains the basic principles behind evolution and then launches into the heart of his book, in which he applies evolutionary thinking to all manners of topics from medicine to beauty to religion.

I ended the week with a little light reading in the form of Robert Harris’ Pompeii, a novel set in the last days of that Roman city. As you may know, Pompeii was depopulated and partially destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius — but the eruption helped preserve much of the city. After it was rescued from the layers of ash and rubble on top of it, Pompeii’s death proved to be a source of information about what Roman towns were really like. It is from the details preserved by the volcano and from accounts written about its eruption that Harris builds a story. Our main character is Marcus Attilius, an aquarius of the Roman Empire. He has been ordered to oversee the Aqua August and investigate the reason as to why the water has stopped flowing south. As he investigates, tension in the Earth builds — as does tension in the town of Pompeii, where Attilius‘ investigation into where the former aquarius went has attracted the ire of Pompeii’s resident robber-baron. I thought the book was excellent reading, considering that it began with an engineering problem.

Pick of the Week: Pompeii, Robert Harris

Next Week:

  • Frank Sinatra: An American Legend, Nancy Sinatra
  • The Sun Shines Bright, Isaac Asimov
  • Enigma, Robert Harris
  • I to Myself: Annotated Selections from the Journal of Henry David Thoreau, Jeffrey S. Cramer
Posted in Reviews | Tagged | Leave a comment

Pompeii

Pompeii: A Novel
© 2003 , Robert Harris
274 pages

In May 2007 I read Fatherland, an mystery book set in an alternate history setting in which Nazi Germany prevailed in World War 2 and the S.S. Holocaust is largely unknown. Last week I read Imperium: A Novel of Ancient Rome, by the same author, and commented that I would not expect two books in such different settings to be from the same author. I enjoyed Imperium tremendously, though, and this week continued with Pompeii. Pompeii, you may know, was a city depopulated, partially destroyed, and partially preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. I am not giving anything away here: it is fairly common knowledge, and the book itself has an erupting volcano on the cover.

The book is set four days before the eruption, in the general region surrounding Pomepii. The book holds a map in the beginning that shows the ancient towns that dotted the countryside, along with old roads and — more related to the plot — the old aqueduct. The book is told in the third person and is chiefly concerned with Marcus Attilus, the new aquarius of the region — replacing the old aquarius, who stopped believing in the zodiac. An aquarius is someone who is concerned with the Aqueduct, and Attilus is very concerned with his. His family have worked with the aqueducts for at least a century, and the duct to which he has been assigned has stopped running — and the man whose job he now holds has vanished. Although Attilus is the central character of the story, Harris also takes time to depict a local businessman and Pliny the Elder, among other characters.

For most of the book, there are several dramas unfolding. Attilius is anxious to find out why the water flow has been broken, but he can’t resist poking around and trying to find out where the former aquarious has vanished to. His questions draw the ire of a local businessman, who is an ex-slave and apparently the progenitor of John Gotti. Much of the action takes place in Pompeii, and Harris paints a detailed picture of it, rendering a breathing city. What is eerie is that while I read about the half-finished baths and the graffiti on the walls, I know in the back of my head that these details have been preserved by the lava. All of the characters know that something is going to happen: they can smell sulfur, hear the rumbles of the Earth.

Although a friend of mine who enjoys Harris as much as I prefers Imperium over this, I am not so sure. While set in the same general time period as Imperium and being about more anonymous characters, it has an interesting quality all of its own. It read very well until after the actual eruption: it is more difficult to render the devastating eruption of a volcano than it is what passed before. I can’t really picture what it was like in my head. I enjoyed the book immensely. Harris has earned my devotion, and I will read the other two books he has published.

To end, a picture from Civilization III that I took many months ago. I titled it “Tempting Fate”.

Free Image Hosting at www.ImageShack.us

QuickPost Quickpost this image to Myspace, Digg, Facebook, and others!

Posted in historical fiction, Reviews | Tagged , , | Leave a comment