Reclaiming Virtue

Reclaiming Virtue: How We can Develop the Moral Intelligence to do the Right Thing at the Right Time for the Right Reason

© 2009 Ray Bradshaw
528 pages
When I checked this out, I expected a rational defense of morality. I found this, but I found more — I found a big, rich book incorporating philosophy, biology, psychiatry, parenting strategies, sociology, social criticism, and more in the name of living virtuously. Bradshaw believes that human beings are equipped with a natural moral intelligence. While he references the idea of God several times, his foundation is not necessarily theistic: his content doesn’t rely on gods like M. Scott Peck’s does. For Bradshaw, what we call “virtuous” is that which leads to our own fulfillment: virtue is its own reward, allowing us to grow and triumph over adversity.
The book is divided into three sections: the first addresses the idea of virtue by itself, drawing on both biology and culture. He references Steven Pinker’s article on morality to point out what he believes are five essential parts of morality: not harming others, being fair, being loyal to your tribe, respecting legitimate authority, and exalting what is “pure, clean, and holy”. In part two, “Developing Your Moral Intelligence”, Bradshaw focuses on how individuals can learn to rely on their innate sense of what is good while avoiding being ensnared by obedience cultures. Here we see psychology and a bit of self-help at work, with Bradshaw encouraging his readers to embrace their “shadow” selves — their darkness — as well as their positive attributes. (He quotes Jung here quite a bit.) In the last section, he concentrates on parenting, and here we experience quite a bit of developmental writing, with separate sections focusing on toddlers through to adolescents. It is in this last section that social criticism shows its face, and where I expected Neil Postman to show his — especially when Bradshaw addressed the problems caused by television and the Internet. Bradshaw writes on a wide range of topic: while he began with Aristotle, he ended with sex among adolescents.
What ties the book together is Bradshaw’s repeated emphasis on prudence — doing the right thing for the right reason, which means thinking matters through while relying on our emotional intelligence. Although Bradshaw claimed this morality is rooted in emotions, it seems to me to rely too on rational intelligence. Because there are so many topics in this book, I’m almost hard-pressed to offer a summation: it was certainly a mental hike for me. I didn’t expect to encounter so much, but even though my legs are tired and my lungs are winded, I think I got something out of it. I believe the book bears returning to, as well as reccommending it.
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Finding Your Religion

Finding Your Religion: When the Faith You Grew Up with Has Lost its Meaning

242 pages
I didn’t go into the library to find this book — I pulled it off the shelf on a whim, and gained a little interest after seeing that it seemed to be a general guide to “spiritual paths”. The clincher was the Doonesbury character on the cover of the novel promising an introduction from Gary Trudeau. I don’t actually read Doonesbury, but I know its reputation. Author Scotty McLennan is a Christian Unitarian Universalist, although he may put emphasis on the first third of that description, and he has written this book in an attempt to help people with no religion or those who have been burned by their childhood religion find a spiritual path or to resume their journey. Why look for a spiritual path? This is never deliberately explained, but in the telling of his and other’s stories, the general purpose seems to be to find meaning, purpose, and direction in life.
McLennan’s story certainly is an interesting one: he sees his legal training as an asset to be used for spiritual purposes in helping people, establishing a “legal ministry” that defies the convention that spiritual matters and “secular” matters cannot mix — as well as potentially giving lawyers a good name. It is clear that McLennan’s view of spirituality — which he practices and which he advocates — is part of life, not just cultural identity. He begins the book by establishing what he believes to be the six “stages” of religion, beginning with a child’s belief in magic and culminating in the “Unity” experienced only by mystics and men like Gandhi. The stages in between — “Reality”, “Dependence”, “Independence”, and “Interdependence” cover everything else, from cults to the standard religions.
One of his initial pieces of advice — which I found surprising, since he is Unitarian Universalist — was for those “seeking” a path to simply pick one and go with it. His analogy is that of paths leading up a mountain: those who choose to go it alone may tire of hacking away at the brush or may fall down the abyss of a cult. I thought it strange that he wanted readers to simply pick a religion arbitrarily and try to make it fit, but once I made my way further into the book I saw his purpose: the point is for people to get started. In “Crossings”, he makes it clear that no one need be limited by their religion: the book is full of stories of people who have started in one tradition and grown into another one. McLennan believes in the universality of human religions/spiritual paths — that they share the same essential goal of human growth and that they each incorporate similar practices. Many of the stories from the book come from his spiritual journey across the world, where he tries to drink in as much human experience as possible with an emphasis on spiritual matters. In one, he goes to a Hindu sage who admonishes him to be the best Christian he can be: Christianity is in the culture he knows, so he will fare the best there. McLennan reminds me of Marcus Borg (who also believes in the universality of human religions) in choosing this.
This book seems to me to reflect his and other’s attempt to find a living spirituality: a sense of it that grows with them as it helps them to grow: a sense of spirituality that facilitates, not limits, human flourishing. He’s a lovely guide and a readable author. Although I am not seeking a religion, I enjoyed connecting with McLennan’s stories and the stories he betrayed. This is a recommendation for those interested in this kind of growth.
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Syrup

Syrup

© 1999 Max(x) Barry
294 pages
I’ve been enjoying Max Barry these past few weeks. His funny novels set in corporate America — sometimes exploring speculative scenarios — have not yet failed to disappoint, and Syrup was another en joyable read. This one has been described as a “cult classic” and is currently being made into a film. The book has a lightening pace: unlike his other books and unlike most books (including thrillers), Syrup’s lead characters enjoy very little downtime. Main character “Scat” — who has given himself a new name appropriate for pursuing a career in marketing –begins the novel with a million-dollar idea: a soda with the brand name of Fukk. After gushing about the idea to his roommate Sneaky Pete (who, we are told, you should never ask “Why are you called Sneaky Pete?), he runs off to the Coca-Cola company to meet Pete’s friend 6. After hearing 6’s name, Scat believes he has found a kindred soul, and despite her claims that she is not interested in men, he falls in love with her while attempting to sell the idea.
The idea is a sensation: the Coca-Cola company loves it. Everyone knows that the soda with an eyebrow-raising name sold in a black can will be the hit of the summer — including Sneaky Pete, who trademarks the name while Scat is ignoring 6’s claims that she prefers women. Oops. Scat was almost worth $3 million, but he is just an idea man — he fails when putting ideas into action. After he returns to his home to yell at his roommate Sneaky Pete (and to leave after realizing that Pete owns the lease and can’t be kicked out), he is approached by 6. Sneaky Pete is Coca-Cola’s new golden boy, and he’s after her job: 6 wants Scat’s help. Thus begins the plot-driving conflict, which unfolds over a period of several months (the interludes are never mentioned) while Scat and 6 frantically fight to keep their new positions at Coca-Cola against Sneaky Pete’s attempts to undermine them and take credit for his ideas — culminating in their attempting to film a movie that will serve as a feature-length advertisement for Coca-Cola. The conflict is not resolved until the book’s final pages, keeping readers’ eyes firmly on the page.
Syrup is not only a funny thriller, but an interesting peek into the world of marketing. Barry confirms what a professor of mine — who worked in marketing until making the switch to geography — said about the profession, that it was “organized lying”. According to the book’s “About the Author”, Barry worked in marketing before beginning work on his novels. He sprinkles marketing “tips” into the story, like “You don’t have to claim a product is healthy: just insinuate it.” and “Spread the most popular items throughout the grocery store so customers pass by as large a range of goods as possible. Shift the location of goods regularly to keep customers wandering.” Barry also has Scat talk about the marketing business, where “perception is reality”. I suspect that most people reading a book like Syrup are already familiar with the fact that advertisers use every gimmick they can to sell an item, but how far they will go is still surprising.
This is a definite recommendation if you want a fun read that focuses on story and not so much on giving the reader gratuitous anything — except for snarkiness.
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The Hostile Hospital

The Hostile Hospital
© 2001 Lemony Snicket
255 pages
The Hostile Hospital represents a dramatic break in the series’ pattern: rather than Mr. Poe delivering the children to yet another guardian who will either die, denounce the children, or attempt to kill them, the children begin this book on their own — a consequence of having been run out of the vile Village of Fowl Devotees by a mob intent to burn them at the stake. Count Olaf has managed to fool another dim-witted group of people, but this time his disguises and lies have more long-reaching effects: the Baudelaire orphans are wanted for murder. Because the adults in this book series are so unbelievably credulous, the children — Violet, Klaus, and Sunny if you need reminding — are utterly on their own.
The story begins at the Last Chance store. If you’ve seen the movie, this is where Count Olaf attempts to kill the children by “flattening them with a train”. The children fire off a telegram to Mr. Poe to tell him that they really didn’t murder a man in VFD and that this is just a big misunderstanding caused by Count Olaf, but they have to leave soon thereafter when the gullible shopkeepers read the daily newspaper and begin to believe that the polite but harrowed-looking orphans are murderers. Fortunately, as they run out the door they find a bus marked “VFD”: Volunteers Fighting Disease. This is a group of well-intentioned but otherwise useless clowns who go to hospitals singing songs in an attempt to cheer people up. That may work for Patch Adams, but it doesn’t work here.
While the hospital is only half-finished and is filled with adults, the children seek sanctuary in its unfinished rooms. While they wait for the storm that is their manhunt to be over, they seek employment in the hospital’s library of records after finding out that it may have information on them: unfortunately, this information has also attracted Count Olaf. Olaf’s timing is unfortunate, but that’s in keeping with the theme of the books and — after a series of similarly unfortunate events — Klaus and Sunny have to rescue Violet from an operating table, as Count Olaf intends to remove her head. The book ends with Olaf putting yet another building to flames.
Clearly, the series is shaping up: at this point the books are driven more by the overall story and less by their specific circumstances. There’s clearly a larger story here, and one that involves the narrator in that people in the Snicket family met the same fate as the orphans’ parents, as did the narrator’s girlfriend Beatrice — who he mentions often. In addition to the plot, the children are also maturing: they are growing as characters and exhibiting signs of the stress that they’ve gone through so far and know they will endure a little further. They’re finally realizing how they must rely only on themselves, because adults are useless when not evil. The children are also learning to take advantage of this universal gullibility: they lie, disguise themselves, and steal when necessary in the last book and then fret over the choices they are making — worrying that they are becoming more like Count Olaf.
The series continues to delight. On a final note, by this point I am sure Snicket is using Sunny’s “nonsense” speak to convey private jokes to readers with broader vocabularies than the children who probably constitute the bulk of his reading audience.
On a more final note, while searching for music from the movie I found a song about the book series on YouTube. The real version has Snicket himself singing, but this particular video has the song set to clips from the movie.
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The Vile Village

The Vile Village
© 2001 Lemony Snicket
256 pages
“It takes a village to raise a child”, the saying goes — and the vile village of VFD takes that saying seriously when they join a government program that allows whole villages to adopt orphans. Although the children will find nothing in the village that is pleasant or kindly, in an ironic twist this is an instance of the Baudelaires accidentally creating their own misfortune. They are given the opportunity to choose a village to be adopted by, and choose VFD based on the fact that its name is the same as the mystery organization that links their parents’ demise and Count Olaf together. Given that the last time they chose something called “VFD” for that reason the Quagmire orphans were meanly spirited away by the ever mean-spirited Count Olaf, you’d think they’d be a little more careful — but they were not, and so spend the better part of a day trudging toward the village through scorching sun and dust storms because the village doesn’t allow mechanical devices anywhere near it — one of their many hundreds of arbitrary rules with cruel punishments.
The children are dismayed to learn that the town cares little for their welfare, and that they intend to use the children as a source of free labor doing the town’s chores. Complicating matters is the fact that the town is covered with crows — literally covered with the black birds standing around looking menacing. The children are made to live with Hector, the town janitor who lives just outside the city limits. He’s a kind-hearted man, but like all kind-hearted people in this series he’s cursed with a character flaw that limits his ability to help the orphans: like Jerome Squalor from The Ersatz Elevator, Hector is easily cowed: Jerome was most definitely hen-pecked, and Hector is easily intimidated by the Council of Elders, a council of elderly folks who wear hats shaped like crows. “VFD“, by the way, stands for “Village of Fowl Devotees”.
It should come as no surprise that Count Olaf eventually shows up and eventually tries to steal the children, but in the meantime the Baudelaires are faced with a mystery: they keep finding messages from the kidnapped Quagmire triplets under a tree in Hector’s front yard. Eventually they do find a solution, but not before Count Olaf manages to have them run out of town by a mob intent to burn them at the stake. So it goes.
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This Week at the Library (23/7)

Books this Update:
  • Lemony Snicket’s The Miserable Mill, The Austere Academy, and The Ersatz Elevator
  • Company, Max Barry
  • The Great Divorce, C.S. Lewis
  • Drawing Down the Moon, Margaret Adler
  • Ricochet, Sandra Brown
For future reference, I decided a few weeks back to postpone my comments on The Sane Society until I have access to the book once more. This week began with Lemony Snicket’s Series of Unfortunate Events, as I read books four through six. Although each of the books follow the same general plot (Snicket warns readers against readers and introduces the book: children arrive at a new guardian’s house and learn that they’re either crazy or mean; Count Olaf arrives and contrives to steal the children away; the children come up with a plan to stop him, which only works partially and at best results in Olaf’s cover being blown; and finally, the children contemplate the degree to which their lives are miserable), they’re never dull. Snicket’s narrating style is funny, and hints of the larger story are beginning to play into the books themselves now.
C.S. Lewis’ The Great Divorce is a short fantasy story conveying Lewis’ impressions on what (Christian) Heaven and Hell are like, or why some people remain in Hell when they could easily be in the other. The unnamed narrator finds himself in a dreary town for no reason that he’s sure of. The town is peopled by people at their worst — angry, spiteful, short-tempered, petty — and Narrator is anxious to leave, so he hops on a bus and finds himself near scenic woodlands far from the “Grey Town”. When he arrives in the woodlands he sees that he and his fellow passengers are just ghosts . Solid or “real” people from a city in the mountains arrive to talk with the Grey citizens and ask them to join the solids in heaven, at which point we are treated to a series of conversations between the solids and strawmen that Lewis uses to tell everyone under the sun who does not grasp the importance of Lewis’ grace/submission centered theology. The narrator eventually wakes up and realizes it was just a dream. It’s an entertaining little story, but the theology is another matter. Its moral is to accept Lewis’ god on his own terms.
Next I read a quite thorough survey of Wicca, goddess-worship, and other Earth religions by Margaret Adler. After establishing background — focusing on what these groups have in common, where they came from, and how they are adjusting themselves to a culture that by and large rejects them — Adler moves to examining the specific movements. Wicca receives proportionally more attention than the rest, but its members are more prominent and have more in common than the various goddess-worshipers might have. There’s a lot of depth here: although (as a skeptic) there’s information here that tempts me to wrinkle my nose, there’s also a lot that intrigues me and confirms Adler’s suspicion that if not for the connotations that witchery and such terms have, what they’re actually saying would otherwise draw social critics and religious pluralists like flies. While reading, I was often reminded of Sufisim.
Max Barry’s Company is a delightfully funny story about Zephyr Holdings’ newest employee and his rebellion against what the rest of the company takes for granted — the negligent when not cruel behavior that the company’s managers and senior executives seem to exact on the workers, the fact that no one knows what Zephyr Holdings does, the fact that no one has never seen the CEO, and a few other irritations. He is alone in this quest: everyone tells him to just accept the fact that some things at Zephyr Holdings do not make sense, and that poking his nose into matters will just get him fired. Eventually he finds it necessarily to scale a twenty-story building using the fire-escape stairwell while being chased by security guards. What he finds makes Zephyr make sense, but it doesn’t make him happy. What finally results is something that might require red flags and a boisterous singing of the Internationale. The book is definitely enjoyable, and I recommend it.
Lastly, I read a reccommendation from my sister in Sandra Brown’s Ricochet, a police mystery thriller about an honest cop and a plot that somehow manages to pit him against the three people in his city that most threaten his integrity: a master criminal who he has a serious grudge against; the judge who let the criminal walk on a technicality; and the judge’s wife, who our honest cop falls hard for. The story begins when the wife shoots a man in her own home. What looks like a simple case of self defense against an armed burgular has a few too many questions for Honest Cop, and when he presses the investigation further, the wife asks to meet him in secret — at which point she states that she believes her husband was attempting to assassinate her and that he will try again. It is hard for the police to believe that the corrupt judge would want to part with his trophy wife under any terms, but as the protagonist digs, he finds pictures of her in the company of the criminal. What this means is that he can’t actually figure out who is telling the truth: he has to wing it and go from his gut at times. The book was fairly entertaining with enough plot twists to keep it interesting.
Pick of the Week: Company, Max Barry
Next Week:
  • Lemony Snicket’s The Vile Village and The Hostile Hospital. (Number ten was checked out.)
  • Reclaiming Virtue: How We Can Develop the Moral Intelligence to do the Right Thing at the Right Time for the Right Reason; John Bradshaw.
  • Finding Your Religion, Scotty McLennan. I’m not sure why I checked this one out: the impression I got flipping through its pages was that it’s about the common practices of the major religious and “spiritual paths”, so file it under comparative religion — perhaps.
  • The Great American Wolf, Bruce Hampton
  • Medieval Lives — maybe. It isn’t actually a history book.
  • Syrup, Max Barry
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Ricochet

Ricochet
© 2006 Sandra Brown
385 pages
I didn’t intend to read this book this week, but borrowed it from my sister while staying at her home. Ricochet is a fairly straightforward police mystery novel which my sister recommend to me after discussing Phillip Margolin’s The Undertaker’s Widow. In both books, the wife of a prominent man shoots a burglar breaking into their home, but what appears to be a straightforward claim to self defense is actually part of a bigger story. In Ricochet, the bigger story involves a honest cop’s burning passion for justice and personal revenge — and his burning passion for a judge’s wife — calling his integrity into question when he is called to the home of the very poorly named Cato Laird, a judge who plays politics from the bench and who allowed the book’s thug to walk on a technicality. Further still, as the book progresses, our honest cop falls hard for the judge’s wife — who is herself somehow linked with the criminal. Although the case looks fairly simple — she shot a man breaking into her home — Honest Cop finds her story hard to believe, and when he presses the investigation, she requests a private meeting, at which point she informs him that her husband was attempting to assassinate her. I found the story to be a fairly enjoyable detective story with enough plot twists to keep things from being predictable, although I did not care for Sandra Brown’s choice of words in some respects — “nekkid” is a word that belongs on cellphones, not in books.
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Company

Company
© 2006 Max Barry
338 pages
I chose to read Max Barry’s Company based on how much I enjoyed Jennifer Government, and I’m happy to say that Barry did not fail to entertain here. Company is the story of Stephen Jones, Zephyr Holdings’ newest employee. Jones is hired to help market “training packages”, and he believes this is what the company is for. Imagine his surprise when he finds out that only his department handles this, and further still that his department sells those packages to other departments within Zephyr. His every attempt to find out what the rest of the company does is stymied: even after he barges into his department chief’s office to respectfully inquire about the issue, he is shot down. Repeatedly, he is told to leave it be — no one else knows, and they don’t need to know.
Although Jones is our leading character and protagonist, he is by far from the only character: Barry frequently writes from the perspective of others and sometimes using his own voice. What quickly emerges is a company in which the employees do what they’re told simply because it’s a living — where little make senses and where Senior Management does nothing to explain anything. When Senior Management does poke its nose into the story line, they generally do so to make drastic changes to the company that make their employees even more confused and unhappy. The company is quite chaotic: departments vie for power and attempt to destroy one another. While everyone else is accustomed to this, Jones refuses to take “Nevermind it,” as an answer, leading him to make a frantic run for the offices of the CEO while being chased by security guards. What Jones will change his entire view of the company, and it will for a time put him in a position of absolute power. What could possibly be so dramatic?
You’ll have to read and see. I found the book to be very entertaining, at times reminding me of The Office and of a particular John Cleese clip. Not only is it an entertaining novel by itself, but it functions also as a criticism of corporate culture.
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Drawing Down the Moon

Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers and Other Pagans in America

© 1986 (revised) Margaret Adler
646 pages including appendices
A few weeks back I read a book on Wicca and found the religion itself to be interesting. Continuing in my current habit of reading in comparative religion and religious pluralism topics, I decided to look into the broader theme of Earth religions. The book is quite broad, and its first section is mainly background and explanation in which Adler focuses on what these groups have in common, where they came from, and how they are adjusting themselves to a culture that by and large rejects them — for even though they outnumber religions like the Quakers and Unitarians s while sharing most of the same values, the terms of the nature religions have such connotations that the groups are largely marginalized, according to Adler.
The next two sections focus on the religions themselves, with Wicca getting the lion’s share of the attention: it merits its own section while the rest are grouped together. The definitions used for Wicca, witch, and pagan are broader here than in Wicca for Beginners because Adler is attempting to write a general survey of these groups. Adler’s epilogue is the last chapter and concentrates specifically on how pagans and similar people live within society. Because the approach is so broad, impressions are as well — although there are some general statements that can be made. For instance, these movements are by and large urban movements, filled with people from all social classes and which see themselves primarily as life-affirming. For many, the gods are not literal: they may be Jungian archetypes, or they may be flavors of Deity. There’s a lot of diversity here, but the wealth of information is generally accessible. The people interviewed explain their terms well.
The book is useful as a general reference, I think.
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The Ersatz Elevator

The Ersatz Elevator

© 2001 Lemony Snicket
259 pages
“I know what you mean,” Klaus said. “If someone had asked me, that day at the beach, if I ever thought we’d be climbing up and down an empty elevator in an attempt to rescue a pair of triplets, I would have said never in a million years. And now we’re doing it for the fifth time in twenty-four hours. What happened to us? What led us to this awful place we’re staring at now?”
“Misfortune,” Violet said quietly.
“A terrible fire,” Klaus said.
“Olaf,” Sunny said decisively […].
The sixth book in Lemony Snicket’s series of unfortunate events takes the Baudelaire orphans back to where it all began — in more ways than one. The orphans are adopted by Mr. and Mrs. Squalor, who live in a gigantic penthouse apartment. True to the pattern developed in previous books, the Squalors like all adults are useless when not cruel. Jerome Squalor is actually quite nice — it’s his wife who’s the most problematic. She only cares about what’s “In” and “Out” and is not adverse to having the building’s elevator removed if elevators fall out of fashion — which is what has happened to it at book’s beginning, forcing the children to walk either “forty-eight or eighty-four” flights of stairs to get home. Although life in the Squalor apartment is more comfortable than their previous living conditions — working in a mill or living in a shack, for instance — they cannot enjoy properly given the fact that their friends and allies in the struggle against Olaf, the Quagmire triplets, have been kidnapped by Count Olaf. If this were not enough, Olaf soon shows up, necessitating that the orphans contrive a plan against him.
Building on book five, bits of the series’ master story emerge here. For the first time, the central characters are not the only thing that tie the books together: what with the kidnapping of the Quagmire triplets and the emergence of a mysterious organization called “VFD“. The book maintains its characteristic narration — which reveals more and more of Lemony Snicket: he appears to be fighting against Olaf himself and is on the run, leaving the manuscripts that become the books in hiding places for his compatriots to find. The Ersatz Elevator is as ever enjoyable.
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