Kokoro

Kokoro
© 1957 Natsume Soseki
248 pages

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A favorite history professor of mine typically assigns novels as part of his required reading, and for his Modern Japanese History course, I read a novel set in the last years of the Meiji period. The title refers to “the heart of things”. My instructor introduced it as being one of his favorite historical novels, and one that doesn’t seem foreign in the least. Despite this disclaimer, the novel does not fit western conventions of what a novel “is”: the formula of conflict, rising action, climax, and resolution do not easily fit the work. This by no means detracts from the reading experience: it makes it different. The book is divided into three unequal sections: the first two are narrated by a never-named college senior who describes his growing friendship with a resident of Tokyo, a man he refers to only as “Sensei”. Their friendship is developed in the first section, and the second section sees our narrator graduate from the university in Tokoyo and return to his parents’ home. Although he wants to return to Tokyo to begin his life — hopefully one like Sensei’s, involving no job and plenty of leisure time to putter around and read books — his father’s ailing health prevents him from doing so. As the Meiji period and his father’s life come to their end, our narrator receives a long letter from Sensei — unusual, because Sensei is not in the habit of writing letters, long or otherwise. That letter, “Sensi’s Testament”, constitutes the bulk of the book and makes him the effective main character of the novel. The book ends with Sensi’s revelations, making me wonder how the initial narrator might have reacted or responded to them.

What strikes me most about Kokoro is its sense of melancholy: whenever scenes from the books wrote themselves into my head, the skies were forever grey.The characters moved slowly under them, beset by frowns on their faces. A few characters try to remain chipper, but they can only “whistle in the graveyard”. Discussions from a sociological theory class came to mind: the author’s focus seems to be on human reactions to increasing modernity, and the resulting sense of alienation and loneliness. Fighting loneliness is a preoccupation of most of the book’s characters: the narrator seeks Sensei out as part of that fight, and Sensei’s own life has been altered dramatically by his own fight and his role in others’ fighting.

I would reccommend the book in the same way I would reccommend an interesting strain of tea: I think it should be experienced, and it leaves a thoughtful aftertaste.

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Beautiful Minds

Beautiful Minds: The Parallel Lives of Great Apes and Dolphins
© 2008 Maddalena Bearzi, Craig B. Stanford
368 pages
As this was a personal reccommendation from a friend, I opted to read it before continuuing in Saylor’s Roma sub Rosa series. I’m interested in both primate and cetacean intelligence, making the recommendation rather spot-on. Beautiful Minds functions primarily as a comparison of primate (chiefly chimpanzee) and cetacean (primarily dolphin) biology and societies. The authors do not make the comparisons themselves: as experts in their respective fields, they split related chapters and each discuss that topic (intelligence, politics, sex and gender roles) within their own field. The reader is left to see the similarities and differences for himself for the most part. The book quotes from books I’ve actually read this year — Frans de Waal’s Our Inner Ape and Jacques-Yves Cousteau’s Dolphin. What makes the primate-dolphin similarity so intriguing is that their respective ancestors were not similar: we come from different areas of the mammalian line, and so what similarities there are, particularly in the case of intelligence, represents convergent evolution. I think this helps the case that intelligence has evolved in part to deal with larger social groups, as the great apes and cetaceans are such social creatures. The book also serves as a warning, as nearly all of the animals discussed are in danger of going extinct within another human generation.
I definitely recommend it to those interested in primates, cetaceans, biological causes of culture, intelligence, or anthropology.
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The Last Command

The Last Command
© 1991 Timothy Zahn
496 pages

In The Last Command, Timothy Zahn draws the Thrawn trilogy to its close. As the book opens, the Republic is in dire straits: the Empire has been strengthened by both its capture of an abandoned fleet from the Clone Wars era and the fact that hidden cloning cylinders under the control of Grand Admiral Thrawn have are now fully operational — giving the Empire trained crews to man those ships. Thrawn’s military genuis is further supplemented by an intelligence source within the a dark Jedi using the Force to coordinate imperial movements using “battlefield mediation”. In order to survive, the New Republic has to survive Thrawn’s first full-frontal assault against their borders, find and and eliminate the intel source, and somehow destroy the cloning centers inside the Emperor’s secret mountain hideout.

The cast includes all of our heroes — Luke, Leia, Han, Threepio, Artoo, Lando Calrissian, and Wedges Antilles in addition to “Emperor’s Hand” Mara Jade and Talon Kardde, the smuggler who helps the New Republic a bit more often than a truly neutral character might. Jade’s characterization is one of the more interesting elements of the book: the last command given to her by the Emperor was to kill Luke Skywalker, which makes their working relationship interesting. The lead characters are maturing more, Han Solo in particular. The series’ end was unexpected, but the third book reads much better than the second and the trilogy ended on a high note.

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This Week at the Library (30/9)

Books this Update:

  • Fates Worse than Death, Kurt Vonnegut
  • The Wisdom of Harry Potter, Edmund Kern
  • Our Chosen Faith: an introduction to Unitarian Universalism, F. Forrester Church and John A. Buehrens
  • Flim Flam!, Rames Randi

I’m growing steadily more busy with schoolwork, but am still managing to read a little. This week started with Kurt Vonnegut’s Fates Worse than Death, a collection of essays generally about life in the 1980s. The essays are built off of lectures given during that time period, and through them Vonnegut expresses a kind of hopeful cynicism. He fears for the future of humanity, but gives no quarter to those who say human history has been nothing but deteriorating. Scoffing at Reaganites who say that those days were the worse ever, he points out that American history is progressing: slavery has abolished, suffrage has become universal, and it’s possible that the “age of American freedom” is just beginning. Vonnegut is as pleasurable and thought-provoking as ever.

Next I read through The Wisdom of Harry Potter, Edmund Kern’s attempt to defend the series against political and religious criticisms of its perceived lack of morality. Kern sees Potter as a Stoic hero, one who accepts his fate but works within it for the betterment of all. Kern could only analyze the first four books in totoal (given when the book was published), but after commenting on the moral themes displayed in them goes on to deal with Harry’s detractors, from both sides of political and religious spectrums. He also defends the series as literature. It’s worthy reading for Harry Potter fans who take the books more seriously than just a fun way to spend an hour, or for those interested in the intersection of philosophy and culture.

I finished Our Chosen Faith: An Introduction to Unitarian Univeralism this week, it being on the obvious subject. The book is very straight-forward, with seperate chapters written on Unitarian Universalism’s themes. It was light on history, but seemed fair overall.

Lastly, I finished James Randi’s Flim-Flam!, a work of debunking covering UFOs, Pyramid mysticism, psychic surgeons, and other similar topics. Randi writes casually, with a lot of biting humor. Some topics were more interesting than others, but I imagine skeptics and those interested in the listed topics would enjoy it.

Pick of the Week: Vonnegut’s Fates Worse than Death.

Potentials for Next Week:

  • The Last Command, Timothy Zahn. This is last in the Thrawn trilogy. I started on it last week.
  • The Consolations of Philosophy, Alain de Botton
  • Beautiful Minds: The Parallel Lives of Great Apes and Dolphins, Maddalena Bearzi and Craig B. Stanford. This is a recommendation from a friend. I don’t know what makes me think I’ll possibly get it to it this week.
  • Last Seen in Massilia, Steven Saylor.
  • Music of the Civil War Era, Steven H. Cornelius. I’m anticipating simply mining this for information for my seminar paper on folk music of the Civil War, but depending on my needs and time, I may read it through properly.

The first is a definite, as is the second, although I don’t expect to be able to enjoy it until the weekend or later. I’m hoping to get access to the Saylor novel sometime this week, but I’m not certain I’ll have it.

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Flim Flam!

Flim Flam! The Truth About Unicorns, Parapsychology and Other Delusions
© 1980 James Randi
340 pages

In times past I have read authors following their appearances on a favorite podcast of mine, Point of Inquiry, and that’s partly the reason I decided to read from James Randi this week. James Randi is a former professional magician and hardened skeptic who for years has challenged those claiming paranormal abilities. This is not simply because he gets his kicks destroying the dreams of true believers, but because so many claiming these abilities use them to defraud innocents. According to the book, Flim Flam! is the result of Randi’s having been booed off stage when he opted to speak on the paranormal at a Mensa convention. He subsequently resigned Mensa and decided to devote a book to the subject.

What follows is straightforward debunking. Joe Nickell‘s books are similar, although he attempts to take people claiming the supernatural is at work seriously and deals with his investigations sternly. Randi writes much more informally, often addressing the reader in a light way and making acerbic comments. The book’s topics include fairy photographs, the Bermuda triangle, UFOs, transcendental meditation, “psi”, psychic surgeons, Pyramid mysticism, and more. The last chapter is devoted to trials undertaken when people take Randi up on his (then) 10,000 challenge, in which he offers to pay those who can prove their abilities $10,000. (The number has risen through the years in keeping with inflation.)

Some topics were better than others. Randi and debunking fans will probably enjoy it, and I would recommend it to those who have heard of such things and want to know what the evidence might be for and against it.

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Our Chosen Faith

Our Chosen Faith: An Introduction to Unitarian Universalism
© 1989 John A. Buehrens and the now late F. Forrester Church
195 pages

I’ve long been aware of the Unitarian Universalist church, ever since I read of a character in California Diaries mentioned having her mother’s funeral held at a UU fellowhip. The UU church is closest to the ideal in my mind, and I dabble in the UU community online as best I can. I thought it would be interesting to read a book on Unitarian Universalism and found this one. This book is a straightforward introduction to the UU tradition: after very briefly explaining its history, the two authors each write essays about the themes present in its listed principles and sources — The book is a bit dated in that it was written prior to the inclusion of “earth-centered traditions”. The chapter on humanist teachings that warn against idolatries of the mind and spirit focused more on humanism’s rationalism and less on its spirit, so to speak — the celebration of human culture.

It was a fair read, but it seems to me there must be better introductions for those curious about Unitarian Universalism, even online.

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The Wisdom of Harry Potter

The Wisdom of Harry Potter: What Our Fvorite Hero Teaches Us about Moral Choices

© 2003 Edmund M. Kern
296 pages including notes and index.
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Although I’m interested in the transmission of philosophy through literature or similar means, I’m still amused when I see books on the philosophy of Star Trek or Star Wars. When something is so popular as entertainment, it takes a moment to adjust to the idea of it being taken as ideas about life that we can learn from. The same is true of Harry Potter. This book was written in 2001 and published immediately following the release of The Order of the Phoenix. In it, author Edmund Kern elaborates on the idea that Harry Potter is an example of Stoic virtue. My interest was doubly piqued.
This is not the first I’ve heard of such an idea. I encountered an article at a Stoic website I’ve since forgotten musing that Harry is an example of a hero who puts Stoic ideals to heart. It may have been Kern’s own “Harry Potter: Stoic Boy Wonder”, which you can read here. The ideal Stoic believes that there are some things we can control and some things we cannot, and that to concern ourselves with the unchangeable is irrational, futile, and potentially mentally harmful. He also believes that Virtue is the only good, and that virtuous behavior is that which is in line with the laws of Nature — among them, to live wisely, mindful of the aforementioned division between things, and to practice a cosmopolitan spirit — concern for all human beings. Kern sees Harry Potter as trying to live up to those standards: accepting what must be, but working within that to make things better for all.
Although the Stoic Harry theme is quite strong, it is not always present. The book begins with synopsis of the first four books, followed by Kern’s commentary on the themes present in them. In The Chamber of Secrets, for instance, the central theme is the individual’s power over his own choices, and thus his identity. Potter readers may remember Harry’s self-doubt before Dumbledore: in light of the fact that he shares so many of Voldemort’s traits, and that the Sorting Hat was tempted to put him into Slytherin, Harry fears that it is there he belongs. Dumbledore gently points out, however, that Harry chose Gryffindor, just as he choses to do good when it is not easy — just as he chooses to love and fight when neither are particularly safe. Just past the book’s midpoint, Kern also takes a chapter or two to address Rowling’s critics on the series’ political and religious stances (or lack therof, in Kern’s view) and then examines the series as literature in multigenres before returning to the Stoic theme. The book ends with an afterword written in 2003 just days after Order of the Phoenix was released and the author read it. (He read 800+ pages in just a couple of days.)
This was an interesting read. I never found Kern objectionable, although the intersection of Stoicism and Potter wasn’t as riveting as I would have otherwise expected. Still, it’s recommended reading for Potter fans or for those simply interested in the series’ moral tone.
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Fates Worse than Death

Fates Worse than Death

© 1990 Kurt Vonnegut
240 pages
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Kurt Vonnegut’s Fates Worse than Death is a collection of semi-autobiographical essays that function as reflections of portions of Vonnegut’s life. The essay texts come chiefly from lectures given by Vonnegut, with comments from him before, during, and after the talks are finished. The threat of nuclear annihilation seems to hang over this book, and Vonnegut’s cynical jokes and comments create a whistling-in-the-graveyard effect. The setting of the lectures tends toward the 1980s, and there are many potshots taken at then-president Reagan, some better than others.
Vonnegut displays mixed feelings about the history and future of humankind: while lamenting about where we very well may be headed, he also scoffs at Reaganites who are obsessed with restoring some lost, golden time and brings up America’s history of social progress (the ending of slavery, universal suffrage, civil rights) to champion liberal progressivism’s cause. This might indicate a hopefulness on his part that things will get better still, but it might just be an attack on conservatism. I tend to think it’s both: no matter how despairing Vonnegut sounds, it always seems as if he has a little glimmer of hope he keeps in his pockets and takes out to look at every once and a while.
The book sees him amend his opinions about some matters — the feasibility of “folk societies”, which he expressed in Wampeters, Foma, and Grandfallons. He still wishes they would work, he just accepts that their time has past and they weren’t really all that great in the first place. Vonnegut voices opinions on all manner of subjects. One of the more interesting essay-lectures was addressed to a Unitarian Universalist congregation in which Vonnegut spoke on the failures of Imperial Christianity (that is, Christianity based on doctrine and power-wielding organizations instead of smaller communities) and expressed his hopes that Unitarian Universalism would not destroy itself in a similar fashion. Other topics include “Occidental Meditation” (reading), war, pacifism, and work. This is a definite recommendation to Vonnegut fans, but to readers in general.
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This Week at the Library (24/9)

Books this Update:

  • Constantinople: the Forgotten Empire, Isaac Asimov
  • In Praise of Slowness, Carl Honoré
  • Rubicon, Steven Saylor
  • Barrel Fever, David Sedaris

I began the week with a little history by Asimov. This was the first time I’ve read any of Asimov’s historical work, not counting the historical background he often did for Asimov’s Guide to the Bible, volume I. My ignorance of the Byzantine period is near-total, but Asimov superbly rectified that situation. He tells the story of the Eastern Roman Empire’s last thousand years in a six chapter narrative. It’s very readable, but rather obscure by now.

Next I read a book I’d anticipated for a few weeks, In Praise of Slowness. The book documents the approaches the Slow movement takes in resisting the increasing pace of life in the United States and throughout the world — although the book is rather US-centered in some chapters, unavoidably so. No one does suburban sprawl quite like the states. Although the book has weak spots, particularly in regards to medicine, I was pleased with it overall. It is essentially a book about making human lives both more human and more livable, and I reccommend it — with a caveat or two.

I next continued in the Roma sub Rosa series with Rubicon. Rome is under military law, headed by Pompey the Great. Julius Caesar has broken Roman law and crossed the northern borders of Italy with his army, and civil war seems at hand. Gordianus has a lot to lose in the coming days, given that his son serves as Caesar’s scribe, but things grow worse when a dead body appears in his garden — a young and beloved relative of Pompey the Great. Vengeful Pompey takes Gordianus‘ son in law into his army and refuses to relinquish him until Gordianus finds the killer. Gordianus only has until Caesar and Pompey’s armies meet in the cup of Italy to meet the deadline — but before book’s end, he will see battle.

Lastly, I read David Sedaris‘ first work of stories and essays — mostly stories, with four essays in the back. Sedaris‘ first work doesn’t too much resemble his latter works, which almost wholly consist of his psuedo-biographical essays, but is more entertaining than not.

I’m still working on James Randi’s Flim-Flam, but it may take some time. I’m beginning work on a paper for my senior seminar, and that will detract greatly from my leisure time reading. I think the tone of upcoming books will be more casual than serious — it’s a lot easier to breeze through 400 pages of a quick novel than 200 pages of science or heavier social criticism.

Pick of the Week: In Praise of Slowness. Although Asimov’s history was very enjoyable, this is more meaningful and can help people.

Quotation of the Week: “The most honest man in Rome! No wonder nobody likes you.” This was said to Gordianus the Finder by Pompey the Great. While he meant it to malign Gordianus for not choosing sides, to me it comments on Rome’s declining virtues.

Potentials for Next Week:

  • Flim Flam! James Randi
  • A Chosen Faith: An Introduction to Unitarian Universalism, John A. Buehrens
  • Fates Worse than Death, Kurt Vonnegut
  • The Wisdom of Harry Potter: What Our Favorite Hero Teaches Us About Moral Choices, Edmund Kern. Although I was amusedly attracted to the book’s title, the publisher — Promethus Books — clinched my decision to read this one. Books I’ve read in the past by them have always been enjoyable.
  • The Consolations of Philosophy, Alain de Botton. Long-anticipated: this one is going to make it difficult for me to read through 200 more pages of Randi-style debunking. Still, I think I may refuse to read it until I’ve taken a substantial amount of notes for an upcoming paper.
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Barrel Fever

Barrel Fever: Stories and Essays
© 1995 David Sedaris
208 pages

Three years ago I heard David Sedaris talk about his experience living in Paris and was immediately taken by his style of humor. I don’t know how to articulate the Sedaris experience, except to say that he writes dryly about pathetic situations. Beginning with Me Talk Pretty One Day, I began reading his works of collected essays about his life. I believe I’ve only read two since I started this blog, Holidays on Ice and When You are Engulfed in Flames. Barrel Fever, Sedaris‘ first work, is much different from the volumes following it. While they consist chiefly of essays based on Sedaris‘ own life, Barrel Fever is dominated by first-person fictional essays and stories, two of which are repeated in Holidays on Ice owing to the Christmas theme. (They don’t lose anything in repetition, especially not his SantaLand Diaries.)

The stories’ narrators don’t share much in common beyond being kooky and pathos-inspiring. I said before that the only way I know how to describe Sedaris‘ writing is to say that he writes dryly about pathetic situations, and the same is true of these stories. In one, a teenage suicide attempts — through her suicide letter — to instigate a lynch mob at her own funeral, including a CD containing “Music for Stoning”. The humor here is dark, morbid, and more than a little perverse — moreso than his biographical essays, I think, and not quite as funny. While I enjoy his fables (as read on This American Life), I didn’t enjoy his stories here as much as I expected. The essays were typical of his essay collections, meaning that they made for disturbingly funny reading.

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